Chapter 1 A new world to explore 1492 - 1682 The discovery of America
Philip the second said to England..
"I sent my ships to fight against men and not against the winds and waves of God."
Johann Gutenberg
A German printer, introduced the movable-type printing press in Europe about 1440.
Arawak's
A friendly tribe that met Columbus and warned them of Caribs
Crusades
A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
Northwest Passage
A supposed water route through North America to the Pacific.
Caribs
A tribe of cannibals
El Camino Real
Also known as The King's Highway, is the oldest road in United States. First traveled in 1581, runs between Santa Fe and Chihuahua, Mexico.
Christopher Columbus
An ambitious man and a devout Catholic who sought of converting the Indians. But died a frustrated and forgotten man.
Lief Ericson
Around a.d.1000 A Viking from Scandinavia, landed on the shores of North America
Protestant Reformation
Began in 1517, when a catholic monk Martin Luther stood against the Church of England
Estevanico
Best known Africans to join the Spanish explorers, who accompanied expeditions through Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico.
Hernando Cortes
Between 1519 & 1521, he conquered the Aztec Indians of Mexico
Cabeza de Vaca
Between 1528 and 1536, he discovered and explored southern Texas and parts of New Mexico and Arizona.
Hernando de Soto
Between 1539 and 1542, explored Florida,Georgia,South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. In May 1541, he discovered the Mississippi River.
Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit missionary, and Louis Joliet, a fur trader
Both led an expedition which explored the central Mississippi River.
Francisco Pizarro
By 1533, He conquered the Inca Indians of Peru an advanced tribe. Cortes, Pizarro,other conquistadors confiscated the Indians gold and silver and then enslaved them, forcing them to work in gold and silver mines.
Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
Columbus tiny fleet, sailed from Spain on August 3, 1492
Sea Dogs
Daring sea captains who threatened Spanish power.
Bible
First book Gutenberg printed
Prince Henry the Navigator
Founded a navigation school and sent out several ships to explore the western coast of Africa.
New Orleans , Louisiana,
Founded in 1718, is probably the best known city of French heritage in America.
Huguenots
French Protestants, who came to the New World to escape religious persecution.
New France
French claimed Canada, The Great Lakes, and The Mississippi Valley.
Ferdinand Magellan
He began a 3 year voyage around world. His expedition proved the world is round. He was killed in the Philippines. Only 1 ship out of 5 made it home safely. 18 men was safe.
Robert Cavalier de la Salle
He claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it Louisiana in honor of King Louis 14.
Christopher Columbus
He discovered west Indian islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, modern Haiti and Dominican Republican He thought to have reached indies but actually discovered New Continent
Sir John Hawkins
He interfered with Spanish trade by smuggling British goods into Spanish colonies in America.
Martin Luther
He protested false doctrines of the church
Bartholomew Dias
In 1488, he had reached the Cape of Good Hope at southern tip of Africa.
Vasco de Gama
In 1498, he sailed all the way around Africa to India, thus opening an all-water route to the East
German mapmaker
In 1507, He suggested that the new land be name America
Vasco de Balboa
In 1513, He crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean.
Ponce de Leon
In 1513, conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico,set out to find a fabled '' Fountain of Youth '' but never did. He did make 1st Spanish landing on the mainland of north america.
Giovanni da Verrazano
In 1524, a Italian explored the Eastern coast of North America for France.
Jacques Cartier
In 1534, He led an expedition that discover the St. Lawrence River.
Francisco Coronado
In 1540, led army of 300 Spanish soldiers, one party of his men journeyed westward and discovered the Grand Canyon
Juan Cabrillo
In 1542, a Portuguese , explored the coast of California & possibly Oregon. He discovered San Diego Bay
Invincible Armada
In 1588, Philip sent a great fleet of ships to attack and destroy England. England won and credited God.
Quebec, Canada
In 1608, The first permanent French settlement in the New World by Samuel de Champlain.
Marco Polo
In the 1200s, while crusades still raged,went on a trip with his uncle and father. He became first European to travel at the length of Asia.
Algonquin and Huron Indians
Joined by Champlain to attack the Iroquois.
Ninety-five Theses
Martin protested by nailing this to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany, which brought a revival of biblical Christianity
Christopher Columbus
October 12, 1492 he was on the ship Santa maria and boarded small boats and went ashore. He reached an island he called San Salvador. He believed he reached Indies. He called native people Indians.
Florida
Ponce Leon named it after Pascua Florida '' The Feast of Flowers at Easter time ''
1492
Spain took the lead in exploration and colonization in the new world.
England
Spain's chief rival under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth the first
Medicine Men
The Indians' religious leaders
England became
The Mistress of the Sea
San Diego
The Spaniards found Diego ,The first European settlement in California
St. Augustine, Florida
The first permanent European settlement in the present day United States.
Iroquois Indians
They inhabited the upper New York.
Ferdinand and Isabella
They sponsored Columbus expedition
Counter-Reformation
To bring souls back into the catholic fold
Spain
Under Charles V and his son Philip the second, became the most powerful nation in the world.
"Seven Cities of Cibola"
Was inspired stories about the wealthy from the expedition of Cabeza
Italy
Where renaissance began, it emphasized the abilities of mankind and largely ignored God.
book of Marco
Writings spurred in many Europeans a new interest in Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci [1451-1512]
an Italian sailor, who participated in several voyages w/ Columbus, realized he discovered new world. He wrote letters describing his exploits.
Montezuma
chieftain of Aztecs at the time of cortes
Holy Wars
crusades failed to reclaim the Holy Land.
Sir Francis Drake
he attacked Spanish ships bound for Spain from the New World and took their cargoes of gold and silver.
Samuel de Champlain
is known as Father of New France.
Renaissance
means "rebirth" of learning
Conquistadors
means '' conquerors '', they followed the explorers who were always first
Middle Class
merchants and traders
Caribbean Sea
named after Caribs
America
named after, in honor of Amerigo Vespucci
Aztecs
worshiped the gods of nature; they exchanged the one true loving God over the cruel nature gods. They use the chosen people ( the neighbor tribes) to be sacrifice as food for sun god.