Chapter 1 and 2 of art

Geometric shape

may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision.

visual elements and design principles

-Line •Shape •Value •Color •Texture •Space •Time/motion -Unity •Variety •Emphasis •Focal point •Balance •Rhythm •Scale •Proportion

Line

A line is a moving dot in artistic vocabulary. Line can also be symbolic.

Alerting and density of line

Altering the measure or density of lines can create gradations of value (a progression from light to dark).

Representational art

Art that is representational describes forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable.

Categories of subjects

Categories of subjects with which artists work are often called genres (such as religious or mythological subjects, historical subjects, portraiture, still life, landscape, and so on).

Dot

In art, a point (which has no measurable size in math) becomes a dot.

two dimesional

In two-dimensional compositions, a shape is referred to as a figure, and the empty area around it is referred to as ground.

Ground

Is a negative shapes

Figure

Is a postive shapes

Types

Lines can be curved, vertical, horizontal, or diagonal.

Mediums

The materials and tools that artists use to create a work of art comprise its meduim

dymanic

The most dynamic lines are diagonal; they convey energy and spontaneity.

Qualities

The quality of a line is related to its measure (thick or thin) and its characteristics (smooth, jagged, or broken).

Artist

a group of artists, a period, or a culture can represent a distinctive artistic style.

Stippling

a more or less dense pattern of dots).

Organic shapes

are derived from the world of living things.

Artistic Techniques

are methods—the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied.

Actual lines

are physically present in a work of art.

Abstract art

art does not imitate or clearly represent visible reality.

Nonobjective

art makes no reference to the natural world.

Vertical line

as we see in skyscrapers—seem to defy gravity.

Line patterns

can create a sense of volume through:

Rubin vase

classic example of a figure-ground reversal in which figure can become ground and vice versa.

Hatching

closely spaced parallel lines)

Content

comes close to being the why of a work of art. •The content of a work includes not only its form, but also its subject matter and its underlying meanings or themes.

Curvilinear quality

common in nature

Abstracts shapes

connected to the world of visible reality, though that connection may be tenuous.

Chiaroscuro or Modeling

creates the illusion of three-dimensionality through gradations of light and shade.

Cross hatching

dense patterns of crisscrossed lines).

Shape

describes flat, enclosed areas, such as circles or squares.

Nonobjective art

does not begin with objects in the visible world. Nonobjective compositions contain visual elements such as line, shape, color, and texture, without recognizable subject matter.

curvilinear shapes

have curving edges

rectilinear shape

have straight edges and angular corners.

Formalist Criticism

involves analyzing only visual elements, design principles, and media—how artists treat their subject matter.

Expressionism

is a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"—a style that conveys the psychological state of the artist.

Outline

is an actual line—a concrete mark that defines the boundary or outer edge of an object or figure.

Contour line

is not an actual line but an edge that is perceived where a three-dimensional form curves away from the viewer.

Symbolism

is often a key component of a work's content. Iconography is the study of symbolic meanings in art.

Style

is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design.

Volume

is the measurable space within a three-dimensional form or object—its capacity.

Horizontal line

like a horizon line in nature—suggest calm and stability.

Nonobjective shapes

make no reference to visible reality.

Figures-ground reversal

occurs when the viewer's focus shifts from figure to ground and back again.

Expressionist art

often contains distorted and exaggerated forms, colors, textures, and other elements.

Iconography

or the symbols and themes in works of art) allows more complete understanding of underlying meanings.

The measure of a line

refers to its length and width. Given enough width, line can play the role of shape.

Implied line

refers to the "sense" of line created by the perceptual tendency to connect a series of points.

Mass

refers to the bulk of a solid, three-dimensional form. -Solid forms have actual mass. -Two-dimensional works of art can create the illusion of three-dimensional form, or implied mass.

Realism

refers to the replication of people and things as they are seen by the eye, without idealization, without distortion.

Form

refers to the totality of a composition or design—the arrangement or organization of all its visual elements.

Form

refers to three-dimensional shapes, such as spheres or cubes.

Realistic art

representational, but so is art that depicts recognizable subject matter and departs from strict realism.

Amorphous

shapes lack clear definition. •Works with amorphous shapes may create a shapeless impression.

Psychological line

suggests a conceptual connection between or among elements or characters.

Subject

the what of a work of art—people, places, things, themes, processes, events, ideas.