Chapter 1 and 2 of art
Geometric shape
may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision.
visual elements and design principles
-Line •Shape •Value •Color •Texture •Space •Time/motion -Unity •Variety •Emphasis •Focal point •Balance •Rhythm •Scale •Proportion
Line
A line is a moving dot in artistic vocabulary. Line can also be symbolic.
Alerting and density of line
Altering the measure or density of lines can create gradations of value (a progression from light to dark).
Representational art
Art that is representational describes forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable.
Categories of subjects
Categories of subjects with which artists work are often called genres (such as religious or mythological subjects, historical subjects, portraiture, still life, landscape, and so on).
Dot
In art, a point (which has no measurable size in math) becomes a dot.
two dimesional
In two-dimensional compositions, a shape is referred to as a figure, and the empty area around it is referred to as ground.
Ground
Is a negative shapes
Figure
Is a postive shapes
Types
Lines can be curved, vertical, horizontal, or diagonal.
Mediums
The materials and tools that artists use to create a work of art comprise its meduim
dymanic
The most dynamic lines are diagonal; they convey energy and spontaneity.
Qualities
The quality of a line is related to its measure (thick or thin) and its characteristics (smooth, jagged, or broken).
Artist
a group of artists, a period, or a culture can represent a distinctive artistic style.
Stippling
a more or less dense pattern of dots).
Organic shapes
are derived from the world of living things.
Artistic Techniques
are methods—the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied.
Actual lines
are physically present in a work of art.
Abstract art
art does not imitate or clearly represent visible reality.
Nonobjective
art makes no reference to the natural world.
Vertical line
as we see in skyscrapers—seem to defy gravity.
Line patterns
can create a sense of volume through:
Rubin vase
classic example of a figure-ground reversal in which figure can become ground and vice versa.
Hatching
closely spaced parallel lines)
Content
comes close to being the why of a work of art. •The content of a work includes not only its form, but also its subject matter and its underlying meanings or themes.
Curvilinear quality
common in nature
Abstracts shapes
connected to the world of visible reality, though that connection may be tenuous.
Chiaroscuro or Modeling
creates the illusion of three-dimensionality through gradations of light and shade.
Cross hatching
dense patterns of crisscrossed lines).
Shape
describes flat, enclosed areas, such as circles or squares.
Nonobjective art
does not begin with objects in the visible world. Nonobjective compositions contain visual elements such as line, shape, color, and texture, without recognizable subject matter.
curvilinear shapes
have curving edges
rectilinear shape
have straight edges and angular corners.
Formalist Criticism
involves analyzing only visual elements, design principles, and media—how artists treat their subject matter.
Expressionism
is a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"—a style that conveys the psychological state of the artist.
Outline
is an actual line—a concrete mark that defines the boundary or outer edge of an object or figure.
Contour line
is not an actual line but an edge that is perceived where a three-dimensional form curves away from the viewer.
Symbolism
is often a key component of a work's content. Iconography is the study of symbolic meanings in art.
Style
is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design.
Volume
is the measurable space within a three-dimensional form or object—its capacity.
Horizontal line
like a horizon line in nature—suggest calm and stability.
Nonobjective shapes
make no reference to visible reality.
Figures-ground reversal
occurs when the viewer's focus shifts from figure to ground and back again.
Expressionist art
often contains distorted and exaggerated forms, colors, textures, and other elements.
Iconography
or the symbols and themes in works of art) allows more complete understanding of underlying meanings.
The measure of a line
refers to its length and width. Given enough width, line can play the role of shape.
Implied line
refers to the "sense" of line created by the perceptual tendency to connect a series of points.
Mass
refers to the bulk of a solid, three-dimensional form. -Solid forms have actual mass. -Two-dimensional works of art can create the illusion of three-dimensional form, or implied mass.
Realism
refers to the replication of people and things as they are seen by the eye, without idealization, without distortion.
Form
refers to the totality of a composition or design—the arrangement or organization of all its visual elements.
Form
refers to three-dimensional shapes, such as spheres or cubes.
Realistic art
representational, but so is art that depicts recognizable subject matter and departs from strict realism.
Amorphous
shapes lack clear definition. •Works with amorphous shapes may create a shapeless impression.
Psychological line
suggests a conceptual connection between or among elements or characters.
Subject
the what of a work of art—people, places, things, themes, processes, events, ideas.