Chapter 1: Basic anatomy and physiology
What are anatomical landmarks?
Anatomical position: hands at sides, palms forward Supine: lying down, face up Prone: lying down, face down
Where is the lateral part of the body?
Away from the middle
What does the cardiovascular system do?
Blood transport
What is located in the left lower quadrant and in the right iliac region ?
Cecum and appendix
Where is the proximal part of the body?
Closer to the origin of the body (a limb attached to the body trunk)
What is located in the left lombar region?
Descending colon of the large intestine
Where is the distal part of the body?
Farther from the origin of the body (knee is distal to the thigh)
What does the nervous system do?
Fast acting control center Responds to change
What does the skeletal system do?
Function and support
What does the Endocrine system do?
Hormonal regulation
What does the lymphatic system do?
Immunity
Where is the intermediate part of the body?
In the middle of lateral and medial
What is located in the left iliac region?
Initial part of the sigmoid colon
What does the integument system do?
It is the external covering (hair, skin and nails) its function is protection
What is superficial anatomy?
Locating structures on or near the body's surface
What does the muscular system do?
Locomotion Expression and response to the environment
What does the digestive system do?
Nutrient intake, waste output
What is negative feedback?
Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus (brings body back to homeostasis) Example: Sweating
What is located in the right lower quadrant and the right lombar region?
The ascending colon of the large intestine
Where is the Anterior (ventral) part of the body?
The backside of the body
What is located in the left upper quadrant region and the left hypochondriac region?
The diaphragm and the spleen
What are located in the right upper quadrant in the abdominal cavity and in the right hypochondriac region?
The liver and gallbladder
What is positive feedback?
The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (body moved away from homeostasis) Example: Enhancement of labor (oxytocin) and blood clotting
What is located in the umbilical region?
The small intestine
What is located in the epigastric region?
The stomach
How are all the organs able to move in the body without damaging each other?
They have parietal and visceral membranes filled with serous fluid that reduce friction
Where is the Posterior (dorsal) part of the body?
Toward the back of the body
Where is the medial part of the body?
Towards the middle of the body
Where is the deep part of the body?
Under it's surface
What is located in the hypogastric (pubic) region?
Urinary bladder
What does the urinary system do?
Urine outake, regulation of blood
What does maintenance of life involve?
~Maintaining boundaries ~Movement ~Responsiveness ~Digestion ~Metabolism ~Excretion ~Reproduction ~Growth
What does the respiratory system do?
02 intake and C02 outake
What are the 7 body cavities?
1. Cranial 2. Dorsal 3. Vertebral 4. Pelvic 5. Thoracic (lungs) 6. Ventral 7. Abdominal
What are the 11 organ systems in the body?
1. Integument 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
