Psychology test 3

inferiority

Alfred Alder's individual psychology focuses on the role of feelings of ________ and the creative self in the formation of personality

conscious architect

Erik Erikson believed that to a large extent a person is a _______________ of his or her own personality

psychosocial development

Erikson labeled the first stage of ________ as the stage of trust vs mistrust

libido

Eros is fueled by psychological or psychic energy, which freud labeled _________

self actualization

Maslow believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for _______

self-efficacy

People with higher levels of ______ are more likely to control their alcohol intake

collectivists

___ are more likely to conform to group judgement

androgens

____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage

newborns

____ are nearsighted when they are born

biological factors

____ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness

accommodation

_____ is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world

rooting

_____ is the turning of the infants head toward a touch

observational

_____ learning is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory

uninvolved

_____ parents are parents who generally leave their children to themselves

testosterone

______ hormones can heighten the sex drive in women

psychological

_______ factors play an important role in the human hunger drive

activating affects

_________ are the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior

adaptive thermogenesis

__________ can sabotage the efforts of overweight people to maintain a slender profile

critical

a ___ period is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus

close

a feature of eriksons intimacy vs isolation stage is the establishment of ____ relationships

fat to muscle

a high ______ ratio is a biological factor responsible for obesity

bisexual

a person romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females is ______

ego identity

according to Erickson, adolescents who don't develop ________ may experience role diffusion

autonomy

according to Erikson, toddlers through about the age of 3 are said to be in the stage of _____ vs shame and doubt

automatic

according to James and Lange, emotions are the cognitive representations of __________ physiological and behavioral responses

safety

according to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfill their need for

preoperational stage

according to Piaget, the ______ is the second stage of cognitive development in children

cognitive developmental theory

according to Piagets _____, people try to eliminate inconsistencies or discrepancies in info

securely

according to ainsowrth, ______ attached children seek interaction with mother upon reunion

pleasure

according to freud, the id follows the ____ principle

super ego

according to freuds psychoanalytic theory, the _____ functions according to the moral principle

overweight

according to research more than 2 out of 3 adult Americans are _______

conscientiousness

according to the five-factor model, the 5 basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, ______, agreeableness, and openness to experience

stressor

according to the general adaptation syndrome, the alarm reaction is first triggered by perception of a ________

preserve life

adaptive thermogenesis is a mechanism that would help ________ in times of famine

power

an example of psychological need

analytical psychology

carl Jung developed the psychodynamic their called _______

archetypes

carl Jung's analytical psychology emphasizes the collective unconscious and _____

moral judgments

children at the preconventional level base their _______ on the consequences of behavior

mentally

cognitive theorists note that people represents their world

vocabulary

crystallized intelligence is shown more generally by ______

sex organs

during the embryonic stage of prenatal development the _______ start to differentiate

metabolizes

fatty tissue in the body _____ food more slowly than muscle tissue does

inner concern hassels

feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of ____

emotions

feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as ______

visual stimuli

fixation is the amount of time spent looking at a ______ by an infant

adrenaline

high self-efficacy expectations are accompanied by low levels of ____ and noradrenaline

sensorimotor stage

in Piagets stages of cognitive development of children, the _______ comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age 2

self-actualization

in humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called ________

validity

in psychological testing, ______ refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

approach-approach

in the ________ conflicts, both goals are attainable

stimulation

in the case of stimulus motives, organisms seek to increase ______

anorexia nervosa

in the context of ________, affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs

satiety

in the context of hunger, ______ is the state of being satisfied

mouth

in the context of hunger, we get signals of satiety from the______

eustress

is Hane Selye's term for stress that is healthful

overeating

is a risk factor for coronary heart disease

need

is a state of deprivation

mechanical

maslows theory suggests that human behavior is not just ____ and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension

biological

men and women have similar _________ responses to sexual stimulation

post conventional

moral reasoning is based on a persons own moral standards at the _____ level

withdrawal reflex

newborns use the _______ to avoid painful lstimuli

androgens

ovaries produce _______ in women

immune system

people whose ______is damaged may be more likely to develop cancer

control

people with type A personality traits find it difficult to surrender _____ or share power

traits

psychological hardiness is a cluster of _____ that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control

achievement

psychological need for approval, ____, and belonging gives rise to drives

imprinting

refers to some animals the become attached to the first moving object they encounter

reinforcement

skinner believed that the effects of _____ on behavior should be emphasized

personality test

the Minnesota multiphase personality inventory is an example of an objective ________

objective test

the Rorschach inkblot test is an __________

unconcious

the ____ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression

latency

the ____ stage of psychosexual development is characterized by repression of sexual impulses

exhaustion stage

the _____ is the third stage in the general adaption syndrome

placenta

the ______ acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo

plateau

the ______ is the second phase of the sexual cycle

lateral hypothalamus

the ___________ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

the ____________ contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations

emotional upheaval

the belief that one must be preoccupied by threats is a prescription for perpetual ____

imaginary audience

the concept of the ________ may drive the intense adolescent desire for privacy

umbilical cord

the embryo is connected to the placenta by the ______

psychodynamic theory

the far reaching effects of childhood events on personality is a focus of the _________

complex

the multiple approach-avoidance conflicts are most ____

antibodies

the persistent secretion of steroids interferes with the formation of ______

adaptation stage

the resistance stage of the GAS is also known as _____

lowering

the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by ______ LDL serum cholesterol

impatient

type A people are highly driven, competitive, ______, hostile, and aggressive

less impatient

type b people are less ambitious and ______

zygote

During the germinal stage of prenatal development the ____ divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus

crime

is an environmental hassle

stress

is best defined as a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust

cancer

is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that take root anywhere in the body

conflict

is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives

prejudice

karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based western culture ______

humor

research suggests that ______ can moderate the effects of stress

self

the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the ____ as the center of experience

origins

the trait theory focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their _____

motives

are inferred from behavior

traits

are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior

teachers

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the influence of ______ on children's cognitive development

objective tests

____ presents respondents with a standardized group of test items

overtime work

_________, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to CHD

rational

according to freud, the ego stands for_____ ways of coping with frustrations

Electra complex

freud believed that the _____________ develops in the phallic stage pscychosex dev.

conscious

freud labeled the region of the iceberg the pokes into the light of awareness the ___ part of the mind

preconcious

freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the conscious, ________, and unconscious

motives

in the concrete operational stage, children center on the _____ of wrongdoers as well as the amount of damage

drive reduction theory

in the context of _______ acquired drives are developed through experience

fetal stage

in the context of prenatal development, the _____ lasts from the beginning of third month of pregnancy until birth

adrenal medulla

in the context of the GAS, the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the

heart rate

in the context of the GAS, the mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline arouses the body by accelerating the _____

resistant

infants with ______ attachment will alternately cling to and push their mother away

irregular

life changes occur at ______ intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly

phycological factors

many health problems are affected by ______ such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior

development

social relationships are a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and ______

amniotic sac

the ______ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus

illusion

the ______ of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates

germinal stage

the _______ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall

social cognitive

the _______ pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior

alarm reaction

the _________ stage is the first stage in a group of bodily changes that occur in the GAS

humanistic existential

the _____________ theories do not predict the sorts of traits and interests we will develop

phallic

the correct sequence of stages of Sigmund freud's theory of psychosexual development is oral, anal, ____, latency, and genital

assimilation

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concept of _______ and accommodation

predictability

allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan a way of coping with it