Psychology test 3
inferiority
Alfred Alder's individual psychology focuses on the role of feelings of ________ and the creative self in the formation of personality
conscious architect
Erik Erikson believed that to a large extent a person is a _______________ of his or her own personality
psychosocial development
Erikson labeled the first stage of ________ as the stage of trust vs mistrust
libido
Eros is fueled by psychological or psychic energy, which freud labeled _________
self actualization
Maslow believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for _______
self-efficacy
People with higher levels of ______ are more likely to control their alcohol intake
collectivists
___ are more likely to conform to group judgement
androgens
____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage
newborns
____ are nearsighted when they are born
biological factors
____ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness
accommodation
_____ is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world
rooting
_____ is the turning of the infants head toward a touch
observational
_____ learning is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory
uninvolved
_____ parents are parents who generally leave their children to themselves
testosterone
______ hormones can heighten the sex drive in women
psychological
_______ factors play an important role in the human hunger drive
activating affects
_________ are the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior
adaptive thermogenesis
__________ can sabotage the efforts of overweight people to maintain a slender profile
critical
a ___ period is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus
close
a feature of eriksons intimacy vs isolation stage is the establishment of ____ relationships
fat to muscle
a high ______ ratio is a biological factor responsible for obesity
bisexual
a person romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females is ______
ego identity
according to Erickson, adolescents who don't develop ________ may experience role diffusion
autonomy
according to Erikson, toddlers through about the age of 3 are said to be in the stage of _____ vs shame and doubt
automatic
according to James and Lange, emotions are the cognitive representations of __________ physiological and behavioral responses
safety
according to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfill their need for
preoperational stage
according to Piaget, the ______ is the second stage of cognitive development in children
cognitive developmental theory
according to Piagets _____, people try to eliminate inconsistencies or discrepancies in info
securely
according to ainsowrth, ______ attached children seek interaction with mother upon reunion
pleasure
according to freud, the id follows the ____ principle
super ego
according to freuds psychoanalytic theory, the _____ functions according to the moral principle
overweight
according to research more than 2 out of 3 adult Americans are _______
conscientiousness
according to the five-factor model, the 5 basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, ______, agreeableness, and openness to experience
stressor
according to the general adaptation syndrome, the alarm reaction is first triggered by perception of a ________
preserve life
adaptive thermogenesis is a mechanism that would help ________ in times of famine
power
an example of psychological need
analytical psychology
carl Jung developed the psychodynamic their called _______
archetypes
carl Jung's analytical psychology emphasizes the collective unconscious and _____
moral judgments
children at the preconventional level base their _______ on the consequences of behavior
mentally
cognitive theorists note that people represents their world
vocabulary
crystallized intelligence is shown more generally by ______
sex organs
during the embryonic stage of prenatal development the _______ start to differentiate
metabolizes
fatty tissue in the body _____ food more slowly than muscle tissue does
inner concern hassels
feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of ____
emotions
feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as ______
visual stimuli
fixation is the amount of time spent looking at a ______ by an infant
adrenaline
high self-efficacy expectations are accompanied by low levels of ____ and noradrenaline
sensorimotor stage
in Piagets stages of cognitive development of children, the _______ comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age 2
self-actualization
in humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called ________
validity
in psychological testing, ______ refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
approach-approach
in the ________ conflicts, both goals are attainable
stimulation
in the case of stimulus motives, organisms seek to increase ______
anorexia nervosa
in the context of ________, affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs
satiety
in the context of hunger, ______ is the state of being satisfied
mouth
in the context of hunger, we get signals of satiety from the______
eustress
is Hane Selye's term for stress that is healthful
overeating
is a risk factor for coronary heart disease
need
is a state of deprivation
mechanical
maslows theory suggests that human behavior is not just ____ and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension
biological
men and women have similar _________ responses to sexual stimulation
post conventional
moral reasoning is based on a persons own moral standards at the _____ level
withdrawal reflex
newborns use the _______ to avoid painful lstimuli
androgens
ovaries produce _______ in women
immune system
people whose ______is damaged may be more likely to develop cancer
control
people with type A personality traits find it difficult to surrender _____ or share power
traits
psychological hardiness is a cluster of _____ that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control
achievement
psychological need for approval, ____, and belonging gives rise to drives
imprinting
refers to some animals the become attached to the first moving object they encounter
reinforcement
skinner believed that the effects of _____ on behavior should be emphasized
personality test
the Minnesota multiphase personality inventory is an example of an objective ________
objective test
the Rorschach inkblot test is an __________
unconcious
the ____ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression
latency
the ____ stage of psychosexual development is characterized by repression of sexual impulses
exhaustion stage
the _____ is the third stage in the general adaption syndrome
placenta
the ______ acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo
plateau
the ______ is the second phase of the sexual cycle
lateral hypothalamus
the ___________ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
the ____________ contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations
emotional upheaval
the belief that one must be preoccupied by threats is a prescription for perpetual ____
imaginary audience
the concept of the ________ may drive the intense adolescent desire for privacy
umbilical cord
the embryo is connected to the placenta by the ______
psychodynamic theory
the far reaching effects of childhood events on personality is a focus of the _________
complex
the multiple approach-avoidance conflicts are most ____
antibodies
the persistent secretion of steroids interferes with the formation of ______
adaptation stage
the resistance stage of the GAS is also known as _____
lowering
the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by ______ LDL serum cholesterol
impatient
type A people are highly driven, competitive, ______, hostile, and aggressive
less impatient
type b people are less ambitious and ______
zygote
During the germinal stage of prenatal development the ____ divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus
crime
is an environmental hassle
stress
is best defined as a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust
cancer
is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that take root anywhere in the body
conflict
is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives
prejudice
karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based western culture ______
humor
research suggests that ______ can moderate the effects of stress
self
the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the ____ as the center of experience
origins
the trait theory focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their _____
motives
are inferred from behavior
traits
are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior
teachers
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the influence of ______ on children's cognitive development
objective tests
____ presents respondents with a standardized group of test items
overtime work
_________, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to CHD
rational
according to freud, the ego stands for_____ ways of coping with frustrations
Electra complex
freud believed that the _____________ develops in the phallic stage pscychosex dev.
conscious
freud labeled the region of the iceberg the pokes into the light of awareness the ___ part of the mind
preconcious
freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the conscious, ________, and unconscious
motives
in the concrete operational stage, children center on the _____ of wrongdoers as well as the amount of damage
drive reduction theory
in the context of _______ acquired drives are developed through experience
fetal stage
in the context of prenatal development, the _____ lasts from the beginning of third month of pregnancy until birth
adrenal medulla
in the context of the GAS, the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the
heart rate
in the context of the GAS, the mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline arouses the body by accelerating the _____
resistant
infants with ______ attachment will alternately cling to and push their mother away
irregular
life changes occur at ______ intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly
phycological factors
many health problems are affected by ______ such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior
development
social relationships are a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and ______
amniotic sac
the ______ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus
illusion
the ______ of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates
germinal stage
the _______ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall
social cognitive
the _______ pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior
alarm reaction
the _________ stage is the first stage in a group of bodily changes that occur in the GAS
humanistic existential
the _____________ theories do not predict the sorts of traits and interests we will develop
phallic
the correct sequence of stages of Sigmund freud's theory of psychosexual development is oral, anal, ____, latency, and genital
assimilation
Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concept of _______ and accommodation
predictability
allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan a way of coping with it
