Chapter 1 Health Psychology:, Chapter 2 Health Psychology, Chapter 3 Health Psych, Chapter 4 Health Psychology, Chapter 5 Health Psychology, Chapter 6 Health Psychology Multiple Choice, Chapter 7 Health Psychology Multiple Choice, Chapter 8 Health Ps...

Early civilizations believed that plagues were caused by a. Bacteria. b. Demons. c. Weather. d. Locusts.

b. Demons.

_____ proposed that physiological illnesses can have psychological causes. a. Sigmund Freud b. Galen c. Ancient Roman emperors d. Early Catholic clergy

a. Sigmund Freud

Winston has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to this diagnosis, Winston's body has difficulties a. Transmitting neurochemical messages. b. Responding to antibiotics. c. Regulating insulin levels after meals. d. None of the above

a. Transmitting neurochemical messages.

Evidence of ancient Egyptian beliefs about the body and circulatory system were demonstrated through a. Various rituals, including the mummification process. b. Meticulously drawn nutrition pyramids. c. The writings of Socrates and Galen. d. "Qi" and similar concepts of balance.

a. Various rituals, including the mummification process.

The haemorrhagic plague killed over 25 million people within 2 years. This plague has also been referred to as a. "Spanish Flu." b. "Black Death." c. "Typhus." d. "Cholera.

b. "Black Death."

Factors that influence health outcomes are called a. Principle concepts. b. Ecological factors. c. Determinants of health. d. Cultural variants.

c. Determinants of health.

Rich and his five siblings are all smokers. This behavior is considered a(n) _____ determinant of health. a. Etiological b. Psychological c. Familial d. Biomedical

c. Familial

Theoretical perspectives on health a. Rarely deviate from the physiological aspects of disease and illness. b. Always include one's emotional state about disease and illness. c. Often include the presence or absence of disease as well as one's attitude about illness or disease. d. Tend to be the same for all people.

c. Often include the presence or absence of disease as well as one's attitude about illness or disease.

Quality-of-life refers to a. The idea that life is too short. b. The notion that one can control their own destiny. c. One's level of life satisfaction. d. One's belief that they can master any task.

c. One's level of life satisfaction.

Lisa is developing a lesson plan about the two Plagues of Justinian. She will inform her students that these _____ took place in Rome in mid-500 CE. a. Viruses b. Locust attacks c. Pandemics d. Allergic reactions

c. Pandemics

_____ is credited with being the first person to link bacteria to certain diseases. a. Alexander Fleming b. Sigmund Freud c. Robert Koch d. Marie Curie

c. Robert Koch

The author of the textbook characterized Winston's viewpoints about his multiple sclerosis as being most closely related to a. The physiological approach to illness. b. The spiritual approach to illness. c. The holistic approach to illness. d. The emotional approach to illness.

c. The holistic approach to illness.

"Modern" concepts of health have been traced back as early as the a. First century B.C.E. b. Second century B.C.E. c. Third century B.C.E. d. Fourth century B.C.E.

c. Third century B.C.E.

Studies have found that insufficient exposure to _____ may increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). a. fresh air b. purified water c. ultraviolet (UV) light d. exercise

c. ultraviolet (UV) light

Health policies are used to guide a. Access to clean water. b. Family and cultural influences on health. c. Spiritual well-being. d. All of the above

a. Access to clean water.

The development of the field of "psychosomatic medicine" was a result of a. Research on the mind-body connection. b. Guidelines established by the American Medical Association. c. An accumulation of years of psychological research. d. Clergy seeking alternatives to medicine.

a. Research on the mind-body connection.

Research on the relationship between _____ and _____ has provided the clearest evidence of the association between emotional factors and negative physiological effects. a. Stress; illness b. Stress; socioeconomic status c. Spiritual beliefs; stress d. Environmental factors; stress

a. Stress; illness

The importance of clean water as a health determinant was evident in the early cultures of a. The Indus Valley region (now called Pakistan). b. Europe. c. Australia. d. Japan.

a. The Indus Valley region (now called Pakistan).

Which of the following domains is NOT considered a principal component of the American Psychological Association's definition of health psychology? a. Family and community b. Cultural traditions c. Health systems d. The individual

b. Cultural traditions

John strongly believes that "Qi" is an important component of health. Which theoretical perspective is John likely to follow? a. Humoral theory b. Daoist philosophy c. Aesculapian theory d. Cnidian theory

b. Daoist philosophy

_____ are examples of determinants of health related to the physical environment. a. Places of worship b. Educational institutions c. Crime and violence d. Medicinal herbs

c. Crime and violence

The biomedical aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of the impact of _____ on one's health. a. Pollutants b. Spirituality c. Genetics d. Environmental determinants

c. Genetics

Holistic health is influenced by a. Physiological factors. b. Psychological factors. c. Emotional and social factors. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

According to the Johns Hopkins research example in the text, the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) was responsible for a. Approving the sale of new drugs for asthma. b. Approving the distribution of drugs for humans. c. Investigating the death of an individual with asthma. d. Investigating the death of a healthy individual involved in a study about asthma.

d. Investigating the death of a healthy individual involved in a study about asthma.

The American Psychological Association's current definition of health psychology most closely resembles the definition set forth by a. Hippocrates. b. William James. c. Abraham Maslow. d. Joseph Matarazzo.

d. Joseph Matarazzo.

_____ may help health psychologists understand the influence of family and culture on health. a. Dental records b. Daoist philosophers c. Health policies d. Medical anthropologists

d. Medical anthropologists

_____ transmit neurochemical messages throughout the body. a. Biochemicals b. Genetics c. Myelin sheaths d. Nerve fibers

d. Nerve fibers

_____ caused a large decline in the Roman population during the years 541-588 CE. a. Mental illness b. HIV/AIDS c. Flooding d. Pandemics

d. Pandemics

Which model of health is viewed as the fundamental building block for the practice of medicine in Western cultures? a. The physiological model b. The sociological model c. The biopsychosocial model d. The biomedical model

d. The biomedical model

How does the social ecological approach to health differ from the holistic approach? a. The holistic approach does not include psychological determinants of health. b. The social ecological approach does not include psychological determinants of health. c. The social ecological approach is comprised of only four determinants of health, whereas the holistic approach consists of six determinants. d. The social ecological model is the only approach that includes health systems and health policy as health determinants.

d. The social ecological model is the only approach that includes health systems and health policy as health determinants.

How does the wellness model of health differ from other models? a. The wellness model is the only model to include socioeconomic factors as determinants of health. b. The wellness model does not include physiological factors related to health. c. The wellness model includes Daoist philosophic properties. d. The wellness model includes spirituality and quality-of-life as factors influencing health outcomes.

d. The wellness model includes spirituality and quality-of-life as factors influencing health outcomes.

Native American and southern African cultures have a history of incorporating the use of _____ in their health practices. a. Chemistry b. Botany c. Psychology d. Physiology

b. Botany

_____ associated illness with physical disease and denied the influence of spiritual and emotional well-being. a. Daoist philosophy b. Cnidian theory c. Humoral theory d. Holistic theory

b. Cnidian theory

A scientist is investigating demographic variables related to certain diseases. Which of the following is NOT considered a demographic variable? a. Ethnicity b. Etiology c. Educational level d. Occupation

b. Etiology

Conclusive evidence has demonstrated a(n) _____ link with multiple sclerosis (MS). a. Anthropological b. Familial c. Addiction d. Spiritual

b. Familial

Freud's research on psychosomatic illnesses was based in part on his a. Childhood upbringing. b. Mother's viewpoints. c. Intuitions. d. Years of scientific research.

c. Intuitions.

Determining etiology fulfills the _____ role of health psychologists. a. Environmental b. Spiritual c. Investigative d. Policy development

c. Investigative

Which of the following statements is true regarding the story of winston? a. He was distraught and depressed about his recent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis b. He considered himself to be in excellent health despite having multiple sclerosis. c. He was determine to find a cure for his illness d. He considered his live over due to the fact that he had multiple sclerosis

b. He considered himself to be in excellent health despite having multiple sclerosis.

Miguel adheres to the biopsychosocial model of health. In other words, he believes that a. Health is determined by genetic factors. b. Health is the result of multiple factors. c. Health is the direct result of one's environment. d. Health is predetermined at birth.

b. Health is the result of multiple factors.

Danette considers her views about the meaning of life as being influential to her overall health. This idea is most closely related to the _____ model of health. a. Wellness b. Biopsychosocial c. Biomedical d. Spiritual

a. Wellness

Steve is an "ethnopharmacologist"; therefore, he is responsible for studying a. The medical guidelines set forth by the Federal Drug Administration. b. The medical practices used in holistic environments. c. The pharmacological guidelines used by the government. d. The medicinal practices of different cultures.

d. The medicinal practices of different cultures.

Madeleine has the same beliefs about health as the World Health Organization (WHO); therefore, she believes that a. Health is simply the result of disease. b. Health is the result of psychological and physiological factors. c. Health is a direct result of one's spiritual beliefs. d. Health is unrelated to social factors.

b. Health is the result of psychological and physiological factors.

One of the functions of the myelin sheath is to a. Store genetic material. b. Help speed up message transmission. c. Transmit genetic traits. d. Protect the myelin.

b. Help speed up message transmission.

Aesculapian theory challenged the beliefs of a. Native Americans. b. Hippocrates. c. Descartes. d. Early Europeans

b. Hippocrates.

What is the purpose of the Food and Drug Administration? a. It is the agency that approves the sale and distribution of drugs for humans and animals. b. It is the agency that monitors research studies. c. It is the agency that approves the sale and distribution of drugs for humans. d. It is the agency that approves research studies.

c. It is the agency that approves the sale and distribution of drugs for humans.

Which of the following is a criticism of the biomedical model of health? a. It is not focused enough on medicinal treatments for diseases. b. It does not take into account emotional and social factors linked to disease. c. It does not recognize that microorganisms cause disease. d. It does not recognize the influence of physiological factors on disease

b. It does not take into account emotional and social factors linked to disease.

Pharmacology is most closely associated with the ancient practice of using _____ to treat illness. a. Spiritual advisors b. Materia medica c. Art and music d. Religious rituals

b. Materia medica

Galen's views of health were more _____-based than those of Hippocrates. a. Psychologically b. Physiologically c. Spiritually d. Emotionally

b. Physiologically

Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health? a. Social environment b. Procedural guidelines c. Health policies d. Psychological environment

b. Procedural guidelines

John's physician diagnosed him with a psychosomatic illness, which indicates there may be a(n) _____ link to his illness. a. Chemical b. Psychological c. Spiritual d. Environmental

b. Psychological

Which of the following statements is TRUE in reference to the biopsychosocial model of health? a. The model is not accepted by most psychologists. b. The model does not include spirituality as a factor influencing health. c. The model is also called the "wellness model." d. The model addresses environmental determinants of health such as air quality and pollutants.

b. The model does not include spirituality as a factor influencing health.

Karen advocates for a system that provides free or subsidized health care called a. Managed care. b. Universal health care. c. Health systems care. d. Health managed care.

b. Universal health care.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a "health-enhancing behavior"? a. Getting enough sleep each night b. Working in places where there is secondhand smoke c. Walking to school each day d. Taking a daily multivitamin

b. Working in places where there is secondhand smoke

The late _____ century marked a shift in ideas from spiritual forces causing disease to the belief that germs caused disease and illness. a. 17th b. 18th c. 19th d. 20th

c. 19th

The American Psychological Association redefined health psychology in the year a. 1999. b. 2000. c. 2002. d. 2008.

c. 2002.

One of the primary means in which diseases were transmitted during the Renaissance period was through a. Farming. b. Religious rituals. c. Maritime voyages. d. Psychiatric institutions.

c. Maritime voyages.

A historian is interested in learning about the ancient medical practices of a particular culture; however, there are no written records for him to review. According to the textbook, one of the primary means of obtaining information about ancient health practices when written records are unavailable is through a. Musical lyrics. b. Taped recordings. c. Artwork and artifacts. d. Studying past rituals

c. Artwork and artifacts.

Hippocrates believed that diseases causing imbalance were located in the _____, whereas Galen believed diseases were located in the a. Organs; bodily fluids. b. Organs; brain. c. Bodily fluids; organs. d. Brain; organs.

c. Bodily fluids; organs.

Public health policies in the United States were initially developed to a. Create guidelines for hospital admission procedures. b. Assign individuals to health care systems. c. Control contagious diseases such as yellow fever and smallpox. d. Advise political leaders about the effects of health conditions on the environment.

c. Control contagious diseases such as yellow fever and smallpox.

According to the textbook, early Ethiopian cultures utilized pendants as a. Nail files. b. Nail cleaners. c. Ear cleaners. d. Thermometers.

c. Ear cleaners.

The American Psychological Association's definition of health most closely fits the _____ model of health. a. Wellness b. Sociocultural c. Ecological d. Biomedical

c. Ecological

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Several theoretical perspectives exist to describe health and wellness. b. The holistic viewpoint of health focuses primarily on four determinants. c. Family and cultural traditions have little, if any, relation to one's health. d. The concept of health has changed throughout the years.

c. Family and cultural traditions have little, if any, relation to one's health.

Roberto has been diagnosed with cancer. Despite this recent news, he is determined to live life to its fullest. Roberto has a _____ quality-of-life. a. Low b. Moderate c. High d. Weak

c. High

The term _____ refers to the death of a study participant or any injury or illness to a participant as a result of their involvement in an approved research study. a. "Toxicity" b. "Adverse event" c. "Hexamethonium" d. "Critical issue"

b. "Adverse event"

Public health policies were developed by the early _____ in the United States of America. a. 1700s b. 1800s c. 1900s d. 2000s

b. 1800s

Catherine has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the most common age of diagnosis for this disease, there is a high probability she is a. Under 20 years of age. b. 20-40 years of age. c. 40-60 years of age. d. 60-80 years of age.

b. 20-40 years of age.

How many determinants are involved in the ecological model of health? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

b. 5

Environmental determinants refer, in part, to a. The number of first-degree biological relatives one has. b. A hostile or friendly environment. c. Genetic abnormalities. d. Biomedical diseases.

b. A hostile or friendly environment.

The World Health Organization defines health as a. The physiological state of one's body. b. A state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. c. The absence of illness and disease. d. The harmonic balance of spirituality and emotional well-being.

b. A state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.

_____ emphasized spiritual intervention and mediation of priests. a. Aesculapian theory b. Cnidian theory c. Holistic theory d. Humoral theory

a. Aesculapian theory

Physiological state refers to a. An individual's ability to physically perform daily functions without limitations or restrictions. b. An individual's ability to mentally perform daily functions without limitations or restrictions. c. An individual's degree of spiritual beliefs necessary for health and well-being. d. An individual's degree of psychological health and well-being.

a. An individual's ability to physically perform daily functions without limitations or restrictions.

When considering a research study, one of the primary criteria for research scientists is that they must a. Balance the potential benefits of the study with the potential harm to participants. b. Ensure they are not using healthy subjects. c. Ensure they are not using unhealthy subjects. d. Create ethical guidelines for the sale and distribution of any medication being studied.

a. Balance the potential benefits of the study with the potential harm to participants.

Judy is interested in a career where she can study plants and plant life. Which of the following sciences would be the best match for Judy? a. Botany b. Ecology c. Biology d. Psychology

a. Botany

The ability to receive timely medical care best fits with the _____ model of health. a. Ecological b. Biomedical c. Wellness d. Biopsychosocial

a. Ecological

_____ proposed the biopsychosocial model of health in 1972. a. Engel b. Freud c. Galen d. Lazarus

a. Engel

_____ refers to the cause of an illness. a. Etiology b. Ethnopharmacology c. Quality-of-life d. Botany

a. Etiology

Research conducted by Sadovnick, Baird, and Ward (1988) has established a strong link between multiple sclerosis (MS) and a. First-degree relatives. b. Second-degree relatives. c. Uncles and nephews. d. Aunts and nieces.

a. First-degree relatives.

Rolando works for the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP). What type of work does Rolando do? a. He monitors research involving human subjects. b. He monitors research involving human and animal subjects. c. He approves the sale and distribution of drugs for humans. d. He supervises individuals working for the Food and Drug Administration

a. He monitors research involving human subjects.

The director of a hospital has followed appropriate guidelines and issued a quarantine due to a possible viral contaminant. This is an example of a a. Health policy. b. Cultural policy. c. Biological policy. d. Physiological policy

a. Health policy.

____ is credited with being the first person to recognize the effect of emotions on one's health. a. Hippocrates b. Descartes c. Socrates d. Aristotle

a. Hippocrates

Religious beliefs shaped health concepts in some European cultures, most notably during the a. Middle or "Dark" Ages. b. Renaissance period. c. Rise of the Roman Empire. d. British Invasion.

a. Middle or "Dark" Ages.

Which of the following factors is unique to the social ecological model of health? a. Physical environment b. Spiritual beliefs c. Quality-of-life d. Socioeconomic status

a. Physical environment

Health psychologists are best able to control for physical environmental determinants of health by implementing a. Policy initiatives aimed at large populations. b. Universal health care. c. Strict guidelines for health care system delivery. d. Treatment guidelines for primary care physicians.

a. Policy initiatives aimed at large populations.

Who was responsible for healing the spiritual afflictions believed to be the cause of disease during the Roman Empire? a. Priests b. Pharmacists c. Philosophers d. Chemists

a. Priests

Which factor contributed to the loss of support for the mind-body connection? a. The belief that psychosomatic illnesses were contrived or made up. b. The notion that psychosomatic illnesses could not be treated with medication. c. The deaths of the primary supporters of this theory. d. The development of new medications designed to treat physical ailments.

a. The belief that psychosomatic illnesses were contrived or made up.

Materia medica refers to a. The medicinal properties of plants. b. The medical aspects of health and well-being. c. The importance of medicine in treating mental health conditions. d. The medical terminology associated with holistic care

a. The medicinal properties of plants.

Health psychologists are employed by a. Schools. b. Medical laboratories. c. Senior citizen centers. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Spirituality has been linked to a reduction in a. Stress. b. Physiological illness. c. Health-enhancing behaviors. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The _____ model of health was one of the first models to recognize that health is not determined strictly by biological causes; rather, it is a combination of several different factors. a. Ecological b. Psychological c. Sociological d. Biopsychosocial

d. Biopsychosocial

Daoist philosophy influences modern day a. Biopsychosocial viewpoints. b. Traditional medical practices. c. Psychological practices. d. Chinese traditional medicine.

d. Chinese traditional medicine.

_____ is the study of the origins and spread of disease. a. Ecology b. Botany c. Ethnopharmacology d. Epidemiology

d. Epidemiology

Which of the following early civilizations has NOT been associated with materia medica? a. Mesoamerican cultures b. Chinese cultures c. Southern African cultures d. European cultures

d. European cultures

Which of the following is an example of a familial determinant of health? a. Water quality b. Neighborhood sanitation c. Occupational status d. Genetics

d. Genetics

Benjamin has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness. His physician informs Benjamin that this means a. He has a short-term illness. b. He has a type of mental health diagnosis. c. He has an easily treatable illness that will not last more than 1 month. d. He has a long-term and persistent illness.

d. He has a long-term and persistent illness.

Carol works for an agency where she implements regulations to protect the health of the community. What type of work is she involved with? a. Health networking b. Managed care c. Health organization d. Health policy

d. Health policy

The mind-body connection developed by Hippocrates was referred to as a. Daoist philosophy. b. Cnidian theory. c. Botanical theory. d. Humoral theory.

d. Humoral theory.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Health policies have little to do with health outcomes. b. Universal systems of care provide services only if an individual has the financial means to pay for care. c. Employment status and/or income have little influence on whether or not an individual seeks health care. d. Individual and systems factors affect access to health care.

d. Individual and systems factors affect access to health care.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Renaissance period? a. The concept of illness was viewed as a punishment for evil behaviors. b. Physicians believed diseases were caused by spiritual factors. c. It was called the "Renaissance" period because there were no plagues during this time. d. Scholars began studying the scientific aspects of the human body again.

d. Scholars began studying the scientific aspects of the human body again.

Tyrone is reading about early contributors of the mind/body connection as it relates to health. Which early contributor is Tyrone most likely to read about? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Abraham Maslow c. Carl Rogers d. Sigmund Freud

d. Sigmund Freud

One of the biggest criticisms of the biopsychosocial model of health is that a. The model does not account for variables other than social determinants. b. The core foundation is too spiritually-based. c. The model places too much emphasis on psychological variables. d. The core foundation is too biologically-based.

d. The core foundation is too biologically-based.