Chemistry chapter 1

Technology development often occurs a. in order to learn basic information b. only to make money c. long after the basic research is complete d. by accident

long after the basic research is complete

Which is an example of a nonmetal? a. copper b. phosphorus c. cadmium d. mercury

phosphorus

Metalloids are often a. lanthanides b. from outer space c. semiconductors d. unreactive

semiconductors

Biochemistry is the study of a. the chemistry of living things b. properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter c. carbon-containing compounds d. crystals and minerals

the chemistry of living things

Noble gases are in Group 18, and are the best known because they are a. excellent conductors b. lanthanides c. unreactive d. rare

unreactive

A homogeneous mixture is also called a. a compound b. chemically bonded c. a solute d. a solution

a solution

One way to separate the different kinds of matter in a mixture is through a. filtration b. chemical reactions c. decomposition d. electrolysis

filtration

The only pure substance listed below is a. bread dough b. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) c. vinegar (5% acetic acid) d. seawater

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A solid substance is a. always a crystal regardless of its container b. always the same shape regardless of its container c. always losing particles regardless of its container d. always frozen regardless of its container

always the same shape regardless of its container

A chemical can be defined as a. an unnatural additive placed in food b. a toxic substance c. any substance that is not alive d. any substance that has a definite composition

any substance that has a definite composition

Every pure chemical compound consists of two or more elements that a. are combined chemically b. can be separated by a physical change c. cannot be separated d. are combined in any proportion

are combined chemically

Plasma is the fourth state of matter. In the plasma state a. atoms form molecules b. atomic nuclei break down c. atoms lose electrons d. atoms gain electrons

atoms lose electrons

A nonmetal is usually a. malleable b. a good conductor c. brittle d. used to make jewelry

brittle

Which of the following is not a physical change? a. grinding b. cutting c. burning d. boiling

burning

Organic chemistry is the study of a. properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter b. the chemistry of living things c. carbon-containing compounds d. crystals and minerals

carbon containing compounds

The branch of chemistry called analytical chemistry most likely would be used in determining the a. economic effects of a new substance b. uses of a particular metal c. effect of a chemical compound on living things d. chemical composition of a new substance

chemical composition of a new substance

In general, which properties are common to elements within a single group on the periodic table? a. chemical properties and ability to bond to other atoms b. boiling point and freezing point c. atomic number and atomic weight d. color and luster

chemical properties and ability to bond to other atoms

Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture? a. cool-aide b. marble c. concrete d. beef stew

cool-aide

Which of the following is an intensive property of matter? a. amount of energy b. volume c. density d. mass

density

An atom is a. the smallest unit of a compound b. the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity c. smaller than an electron d. always made of carbon

the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity

Basic research is usually performed a. to understand an environmental problem b. to develop new products c. to solve a particular problem d. to gain knowledge

to gain knowledge

Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are a. held in fixed positions b. closely packed c. very far from one another d. unevenly distributed

very far from one another

Which of the following is an extensive property of matter? a. volume b. density c. boiling point d. melting point

volume

A scientist is working to improve a product that uses fiber optics. This is an example of a. applied research b. technological development c. basic research d. both (a) and (c)

Both (a) and (c)

Which part of the illustration below shows the particles in a heterogeneous mixture?

Letter B, Diagram A

A mixture is a. a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties b. a combination of pure substances bonded chemically c. any group of elements that are chemically bonded to one another d. any substance with a uniform composition

a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties

It is easy to determine whether a substance is a metal if the substance is a. a good electrical and heat conductor b. very hard c. easy to break down into its components d. very brittle

a good electrical and heat conductor

A chemical change occurs when a. salt deposits form from evaporated seawater b. a leaf changes color in the fall c. ethanol is purified through distillation d. dissolved minerals solidify to form a crystal

a leaf changes color in the fall

Which statement best describes an element? a. any kind of crystal b. a substance containing only carbon atoms c. any combination of two or more atoms of different types d. a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

A compound is a. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances b. a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances c. any substance, whether it is chemically bonded or not

a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances

A physical change occurs when a a. glue gun melts a glue stick b. peach spoils c. silver bowl tarnishes d. bracelet turns your wrist green

glue gun melts a glue stick

Which of the following is an example of a heterogenous mixture? a. granite b. seawater c. a gold ring d. sucrose

granite

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called a. elements b. rows c. periods d. groups

groups

The liquid state of matter can be described as a. having definite shape and definite volume b. having lost electrons owing to energy content c. having neither a definite shape nor a definite volume d. having a definite volume but not a definite shape

having a definite volume but not a definite shape

If a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called a. heterogeneous b. a solution c. homogeneous d. chemically bonded

heterogenous

If a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be a. homogenous b. a compound c. chemically bonded d. heterogeneous

homogeneous

What happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state? a. the energy remains unchanged b. it changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increases c. it is destroyed d. it is changed into matter

it changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increases

Matter includes all of the following except a. smoke b. air c. water vapor d. light

light

A state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the ____ state. a. gas b. solid c. liquid d. plasma

liquid

A measure of the quantity of matter is a. weight b. mass c. density d. volume

mass

Which of the following is not a chemical change? a. igniting b. burning c. rusting d. melting

melting

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound? a. all mixtures are heterogeneous b. all mixtures have a uniform composition c. mixtures can be separated by physical processes d. mixtures are made of at least two different elements

mixtures can be separated by physical processes

Inorganic chemistry is the study of a. mathematical modeling b. non-carbon related compounds c. the identification of the composition of materials d. the chemistry of living things

non-carbon related compounds

Which of these is an example of an element? a. sugar b. water c. oxygen d. soil

oxygen

All known chemical elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in the a. periodic table b. element table c. chemical table d. None of the above

periodic table

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called a. families b. actinides c. elements d. periods

periods

At sea level, water boils at 100C. This is an example of a(n) a. extensive property b. physical property c. chemical change d. chemical property

physical property

Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the a. products b. synthetics c. reactants d. equilibria

reactants

Applied research is carried out in order to a. to learn basic information b. by accident c. in order to make money d. solve a particular problem

solve a particular problem

The two most important properties of all matter are a. being malleable and ductile b. being brittle and hard c. taking up space and having mass d. the ability to carry an electric current well and to hold electric charge

taking up space and having mass