Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP Networking

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Although many TCP/IP application layer protocol exists, the TCP/IP transport layer includes fewer protocols. The two most commonly used transport layer protocols. What are they?

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

Another less-formal, open, public networking model was created by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) contract. Many researchers from universities had joined in to further develop the protocol surrounding the original DoD work. What is this model?

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

There are groups created to avoid repeating work done by some other standards body or vendor consortium. For example, the ____________________________ (IEEE) defines Ethernet LANs; the TCP/IP model does not define Ethernet in RFCs, but refer to the IEEE Ethernet as an option.

To standardize data networking protocols to allow communication among all computers across the entire planet.

What was the goal of the creation of the OSI model?

- HTTP GET Request (Messages with just a HTTP header. The HTTP header includes the request to "get" a file. The request typically contains the name of the file such as home.htm. If no filename is mentioned, the web server assumes that the user wants the default web page.) - HTTP Reply (Has a header with a return code - such as 200 or 404, etc.) This second message also includes the first part of the request file. - Data-Only Message (so it doesn't need to waste space by sending repeated HTTP headers that list the same information, these additional messages simply omit the header.)

When a web browser (user) wants to request a page from the webserver, what is being sent in all three steps? List them in order.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Which organization created a networking model that was vendor-neutral? What is the name of the model?

acknowledgement

Get Requests, responses, etc. could get lost during transit on a TCP/IP network. TCP/IP needs a mechanism to guarantee delivery of data across a network. This is why an error-recovery method has been created. To recover from errors, TCP uses the concept of _______________.

Protocol

What is a set of logical rules that devices must follow to communicate?

error-recovery

In the TCP/IP model, Each layer provides a service to the layer above it, like the ______________________ service provided to application layer protocols by TCP.

services

The application layer does not define the application itself, but defines __________ that the applications need. Example: HTTP defines how web browsers can pull the contents from a web server.

Uniform Resource Locator, or Universal Resource Identifiers

The full version of most web addresses - also called __________________ (URL) or ______________ (URI) - begins with the letters http, which means the HTTP is used to transfer the web pages.

network access, network interface

The original TCP/IP model's link layer has also been referred to as the _________________ and ________________ layer.

Requests For Comments (RFC)

To define a protocol, TCP/IP uses documents called __________________.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

In the 21st century, which model is more dominating?