Chapter 1 Practice Questions

The study of structure and shape of the body and body parts is called

Anatomy

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning?

Anterior and ventral

Which of the following terms refers to the front of the body?

Anterior and ventral

Which of the following statements is true?

Both kidneys could be shown in a single coronal section of the body

This system transport cells, waste, and dissolved substances

Cardiovascular system

Studying the structure of a cell is called

Cytology

The backbone encloses the A. thoracic cavity. B. abdominal cavity. C. pelvic cavity. D. vertebral canal. E. cranial cavity.

D. vertebral canal.

The pancreas is an organ directly associated with both the _______ systems

Digestive and endocrine

The _____ part of the small intestine is the part closest to the stomach

Dorsal

_______ is / are lateral to the nose

Ears

These two systems that control and coordinate the human body

Endocrine and nervous

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is the ______ plane

Frontal

Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called

Gross anatomy

The manus is the _____ and the pedal is the ______

Hands, foot

Maintaining the internal environment of an organism is termed

Homeostasis

In humans, the pelvic cavity is ______ to the abdominal cavity

Inferior

This system provides protection, thermoregulation, and make vitamin D

Integumentary system

The ______ region located in the lower back

Lumbar

Lynn was knocked off her bicycle during a race. She broke some bones in her right antebrachial region, suffered an abrasion on her mental region, and had severe bruising on her right gluteal and femoral regions. Explain where each of these injuries is located.

Lynn has broken the bones within her forearm, the radius and ulna. She has an abrasion on her chin as well as bruising on her buttocks and thigh.

Carl was stung by a bee and was taken to the emergency room because they were undergoing anaphylactic shock. They were given a shot of epinephrine which reduced the allergic reaction and brought their breathing and heart beat back to normal. Did the dose of epinephrine result in a negative or positive feedback mechanism?

Negative feedback

The ________ level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a common function.

Organ

Two or more types of tissues make an/a

Organ

The survival need that is required in order to release energy from foods is

Oxygen

________ means studying anatomy by touch.

Palpation

The interscapular region is ____ to the elbow

Posterior

An ear, nose, and throat specialist is concerned with the study of ____ anatomy

Regional

The system that exchanges CO2 and O2 and helps in speech is the _______ system, whereas the system that transports O2 and CO2 is the _______ system

Respiratory; circulatory

A section that divides the body into right and left parts

Sagittal

The word root homeo- means _______.

Same

The greater Omentum is what to the small intestine

Superficial

The right shoulder is ____ and _____ to the lumbar region

Superior; lateral

Examining the superficial anatomical markings is called ____________

Surface anatomy

The system that support and protect soft tissue, store mineral, and make blood cells is

The skeletal system

The diaphragm located between the ______ and ______

Thoracic cavity; abdominalpelvic cavity

A chemical imbalance in a heart muscle cell can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent

Which of the following is an anterior body landmark?

antecubital region

The trachea is ______ to the esophagus

anterior

In the cat, the head is _________ to the tail. In the human, the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock).

anterior and superior

The most superior segment of the upper limb is called

brachial region

The wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ____ region

carpal, tarsal

The simplest structures considered to be alive are

cells

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent:

control center

The visceral pericardium is _____ to the parietal pericardium

deep

The prefix hetero means

different

This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

digestive

Cutting and separating tissues to reveal structural relationships is called __________

dissection

The wrist is ______ to the elbow

distal

The two major body cavities are ________ and ________.

dorsal and ventral

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is

downward

Which of the following activities represents physiological studies?

drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)

effector

The common name for the olecranon is the

elbow

The study of early developmental processes is termed

embryology

The thyroid gland belongs to this organ system.

endocrine

Which of the following is not a human organ system?

epithelial

In positive feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that

exaggerates the stimulus

The _____ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the ____ region of the same limb.

femoral; crural

While standing in the anatomical position,

front refers to anterior and ventral; Back refers to posterior and dorsal

The region is immediately medial to the coxal region

inguinal

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

integumentary

The common name for the patella is the

kneecap

The brain and spinal chord are protected by

meninges

The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the

meninges

The term ______ refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

metabolism

A line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis

midsagittal

Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position?

mouth closed

Locomotion and heat production are the functions of the ________ system.

muscular

When a variation outside normal limits triggers a response that restores the normal condition, the regulatory mechanism involves

negative feedback

The back of the neck is the _______ region.

nuchal

Which of the following statements is true regarding the vertebral, occipital, and Buccal regions:

only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally

Negative feedback systems:

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced

Which of the following is NOT in the correct anatomical position?

palms facing posteriorly

The branch of physiology that deals with changes in function resulting from a disease is called

pathophysiology

The thoracic cavity contains the

pericardial cavity and pleural cavities

Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb?

plantar

A self-amplifying chain of physiological events is called

positive feedback

The term used to describe an appendage structure that is closest to its point of attachment to the trunk is

proximal

Which of the following elements of a control system detect a change:

receptor

What properties are common to all living things?

reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism, organization, growth and development

The ovary is part of which of the following two systems:

reproductive and endocrine systems

The right pleural cavity surrounds the

right lung

The root word, homeo- means what?

same

Which of the following is a dorsal body landmark?

scapular region

Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans)

superficial and deep

The chest is ________ to the umbilicus.

superior

The thyroid gland is _______ to the trachea and ______ to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

superior and lateral

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.

supine

When you are outside on a hot, humid day, what body changes occur to help your body temperature return to normal?

sweat glands release sweat

The study of the function of specific organ systems is called

system physiology

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be

temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus

In describing the relationship of the lungs to the heart:

the lungs are lateral to the heart

In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities:

the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

The _____ cavity is inferior to the _____ cavity

thoracic; cranial

A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a ________ section.

transverse

The region that contains the navel is the

umbilical region

The kidneys and urinary bladder belong to the _______ system

urinary

This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

urinary system