Chapter 1 Practice Questions
The study of structure and shape of the body and body parts is called
Anatomy
Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning?
Anterior and ventral
Which of the following terms refers to the front of the body?
Anterior and ventral
Which of the following statements is true?
Both kidneys could be shown in a single coronal section of the body
This system transport cells, waste, and dissolved substances
Cardiovascular system
Studying the structure of a cell is called
Cytology
The backbone encloses the A. thoracic cavity. B. abdominal cavity. C. pelvic cavity. D. vertebral canal. E. cranial cavity.
D. vertebral canal.
The pancreas is an organ directly associated with both the _______ systems
Digestive and endocrine
The _____ part of the small intestine is the part closest to the stomach
Dorsal
_______ is / are lateral to the nose
Ears
These two systems that control and coordinate the human body
Endocrine and nervous
The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is the ______ plane
Frontal
Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called
Gross anatomy
The manus is the _____ and the pedal is the ______
Hands, foot
Maintaining the internal environment of an organism is termed
Homeostasis
In humans, the pelvic cavity is ______ to the abdominal cavity
Inferior
This system provides protection, thermoregulation, and make vitamin D
Integumentary system
The ______ region located in the lower back
Lumbar
Lynn was knocked off her bicycle during a race. She broke some bones in her right antebrachial region, suffered an abrasion on her mental region, and had severe bruising on her right gluteal and femoral regions. Explain where each of these injuries is located.
Lynn has broken the bones within her forearm, the radius and ulna. She has an abrasion on her chin as well as bruising on her buttocks and thigh.
Carl was stung by a bee and was taken to the emergency room because they were undergoing anaphylactic shock. They were given a shot of epinephrine which reduced the allergic reaction and brought their breathing and heart beat back to normal. Did the dose of epinephrine result in a negative or positive feedback mechanism?
Negative feedback
The ________ level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a common function.
Organ
Two or more types of tissues make an/a
Organ
The survival need that is required in order to release energy from foods is
Oxygen
________ means studying anatomy by touch.
Palpation
The interscapular region is ____ to the elbow
Posterior
An ear, nose, and throat specialist is concerned with the study of ____ anatomy
Regional
The system that exchanges CO2 and O2 and helps in speech is the _______ system, whereas the system that transports O2 and CO2 is the _______ system
Respiratory; circulatory
A section that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal
The word root homeo- means _______.
Same
The greater Omentum is what to the small intestine
Superficial
The right shoulder is ____ and _____ to the lumbar region
Superior; lateral
Examining the superficial anatomical markings is called ____________
Surface anatomy
The system that support and protect soft tissue, store mineral, and make blood cells is
The skeletal system
The diaphragm located between the ______ and ______
Thoracic cavity; abdominalpelvic cavity
A chemical imbalance in a heart muscle cell can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent
Which of the following is an anterior body landmark?
antecubital region
The trachea is ______ to the esophagus
anterior
In the cat, the head is _________ to the tail. In the human, the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock).
anterior and superior
The most superior segment of the upper limb is called
brachial region
The wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ____ region
carpal, tarsal
The simplest structures considered to be alive are
cells
Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?
chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent:
control center
The visceral pericardium is _____ to the parietal pericardium
deep
The prefix hetero means
different
This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
digestive
Cutting and separating tissues to reveal structural relationships is called __________
dissection
The wrist is ______ to the elbow
distal
The two major body cavities are ________ and ________.
dorsal and ventral
While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
downward
Which of the following activities represents physiological studies?
drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels
A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
effector
The common name for the olecranon is the
elbow
The study of early developmental processes is termed
embryology
The thyroid gland belongs to this organ system.
endocrine
Which of the following is not a human organ system?
epithelial
In positive feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that
exaggerates the stimulus
The _____ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the ____ region of the same limb.
femoral; crural
While standing in the anatomical position,
front refers to anterior and ventral; Back refers to posterior and dorsal
The region is immediately medial to the coxal region
inguinal
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
integumentary
The common name for the patella is the
kneecap
The brain and spinal chord are protected by
meninges
The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the
meninges
The term ______ refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
metabolism
A line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis
midsagittal
Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position?
mouth closed
Locomotion and heat production are the functions of the ________ system.
muscular
When a variation outside normal limits triggers a response that restores the normal condition, the regulatory mechanism involves
negative feedback
The back of the neck is the _______ region.
nuchal
Which of the following statements is true regarding the vertebral, occipital, and Buccal regions:
only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally
Negative feedback systems:
operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced
Which of the following is NOT in the correct anatomical position?
palms facing posteriorly
The branch of physiology that deals with changes in function resulting from a disease is called
pathophysiology
The thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial cavity and pleural cavities
Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb?
plantar
A self-amplifying chain of physiological events is called
positive feedback
The term used to describe an appendage structure that is closest to its point of attachment to the trunk is
proximal
Which of the following elements of a control system detect a change:
receptor
What properties are common to all living things?
reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism, organization, growth and development
The ovary is part of which of the following two systems:
reproductive and endocrine systems
The right pleural cavity surrounds the
right lung
The root word, homeo- means what?
same
Which of the following is a dorsal body landmark?
scapular region
Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans)
superficial and deep
The chest is ________ to the umbilicus.
superior
The thyroid gland is _______ to the trachea and ______ to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
superior and lateral
A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.
supine
When you are outside on a hot, humid day, what body changes occur to help your body temperature return to normal?
sweat glands release sweat
The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
system physiology
An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus
In describing the relationship of the lungs to the heart:
the lungs are lateral to the heart
In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities:
the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity
The _____ cavity is inferior to the _____ cavity
thoracic; cranial
A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a ________ section.
transverse
The region that contains the navel is the
umbilical region
The kidneys and urinary bladder belong to the _______ system
urinary
This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
urinary system