Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

descending colon of the large intestine

A structure found in the left lumbar region is the __________. -descending colon of the large intestine -ascending colon of the large intestine -transverse colon -most of the small intestine

superior and inferior

A transverse plane divides the body into __________ segments. -superior and inferior -equal right and left -right and left -anterior and posterior

molecules

At the cellular level, cells consist of __________. -molecules -tissues -organs -organisms

Integumentary

Eyelashes, pain receptors, fingernails, and sweat glands would all be part of which system? -Integumentary -Lymphatic -Nervous -Muscular

1 and 2

If you wish to make a drawing of a section through the human body that showed the heart and both of the lungs, your section could be in which of the following planes? (1) Frontal (coronal); (2) Transverse; (3) Sagittal -1 and 2 -1 only -2 only -3 only

anatomy

Labeling the parts of a cell on a diagram is an example of an exercise in __________. -anatomy -physiology -homeostasis -positive feedback

A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal plane? -A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. -A sagittal section is a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts. -A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts. -A median plane is another name for a midsagittal plane. -Both the sagittal and coronal planes represent a cut made along a lengthwise plane.

a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Metabolism is __________. -a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body -a term that refers to the chemical reactions in which larger structures are made from smaller ones (synthesis) -the term that refers only to the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells -a term that refers to the chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

endocrine system; hormones

The __________ is the body's slow-acting control system and acts by means of __________. -endocrine system; hormones -muscular system; contraction -nervous system; hormones -lymphatic system; lymphocytes and macrophages -nervous system; electrical and chemical signals

homeostasis

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as __________. -homeostasis -equilibrium -metabolism -negative feedback

palms turned toward one's back

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT __________. -palms turned toward one's back -body erect -arms at sides -thumbs pointed laterally -feet parallel

armpit

The axillary region is in the __________. -armpit -back of the knee -mouth -shoulder -knee

lateral

The cheeks are __________ to the tongue. -lateral -proximal -medial -inferior

is a term referring to a direction toward or at the midline of the body

The term medial __________. -is a term referring to a direction toward or at the midline of the body -is a term referring to a direction away from the midline of the body -refers to a direction farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part -is a term referring to the front of the body -is a term referring to the superior (cranial or cephalad) direction

Midsagittal

This is the only segmentation of the body that could result in mirror image halves. -Midsagittal -Parasagittal -Coronal -Transverse

Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity

When the body is subject to physical trauma, such as in an automobile accident, which organs are the most vulnerable to injury (homeostatic imbalance)? -Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity -Pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity -Heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity -The brain in the cranial cavity -The spinal cord within the spinal cavity

Skeletal

Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs? -Skeletal -Endocrine -Integumentary -Lymphatic

Cardiovascular

Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery? -Cardiovascular -Integumentary -Nervous -Reproductive -Respiratory

Thinking

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function? -Thinking -Maintaining boundaries -Movement -Responsiveness -Reproduction

Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism.

Which of the following statements regarding feedback mechanisms is FALSE? -Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism. -Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus and to push the variable farther from its original value. -In negative feedback mechanisms, the net effect of the responses to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity. -Positive feedback mechanisms control infrequent events that occur "explosively."

Brain

Which of these is found in the dorsal body cavity? -Brain -Liver -Kidneys -Heart

Epigastric

Which region is directly medial to the hypochondriac regions of the body? -Epigastric -Hypogastric -Umbilical -Left lumbar

Proximal

Which term(s) is/are defined as being close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk? -Proximal -Superior, cranial, or cephalad -Intermediate -Distal -Superficial

Left upper quadrant

You would expect to find most of the stomach in which quadrant? -Left upper quadrant -Left lower quadrant -Right lower quadrant -Right upper quadrant

Thoracic

You would look for the mediastinum in which cavity? -Thoracic -Buccal -Pelvic -Spinal