Chapter 1 - Week 1- CONNECT

suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study

The behavioral perspective _____.

the use of systematic methods to gather data and form conclusions

The defining feature that makes psychology a science is

philosophy and the natural sciences

The field of psychology has its roots in __________

mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment

The functionalists focused on _________

James

Functionalism had its roots in the thoughts of _________

classical conditioning

Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. Thus, when we see lightning, we often anticipate that we will hear thunder again soon afterward. This is an example of

sensory, memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Memory storage involves which of the following three systems?

cognitive thought processes

Modern behaviorist researchers include _____ in their research, whereas early behaviorists did not.

academic settings

Most psychologists work in __________

neuroscience

The scientific study of the nervous system's structure, function, development, and biochemistry is known as ______.

Humanistic approach

Which psychological perspective emphasizes a person's positive qualities, capability for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny?

Psychodynamic approach

Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between the biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences?

Each perspective provides some insight into human behavior and mental processes.

Which statement about the seven contemporary approaches is most accurate?

Watson and Skinner

Who are the two main components of the behavioral approach?

stream of consciousness

William James used the term ____ to describe the natural flow of thought.

stream of consciousness

William James used the term ___________ to describe the natural flow of thought

9

most people can keep _____ items in their short-term memory

mental processes

solving a math problem in your head, daydreaming, worrying, remembering last weekend

encoding

taking in information through your senses for the purpose of memory

selective attention

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

experimental research

type of research that looks for a casual relationship between relationships

correlational research

type of research that looks for relationships between variables

imagery

when you visualize material in a way that makes it more likely you will remember it in the future

withdrawl symptoms

A person who is experiencing physical pain of craving for a drug when its discontinued is displaying

active

Critical thinking is an ___________ process involving engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers

evidence

Critical thinking is the practice of evaluating ____________

the scientific study of behavior and mental process

Psychology is best defined as?

skeptical

Scientists should be ____________, which means that they challenge what people believe to be true, especially when there is lack of evidence for the belief

sociocultural

The _____________ perspective examines the ways in which different kinds of environments influence behavior.

fixed mindset

Some people believe that their abilities cannot be changed. This is known as

behavioral

The ________ approach defines learning and change through experiences

empirical

The _________ method involves gaining knowledge by collecting data and thinking logically about the findings

evolutionary

The _________ perspective uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.

cognitive

The ___________ perspective focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing; how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.

humanistic

The ____________ perspective emphasizes a person's qualities, capability for growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny

are interested in the role of cognitive thought processes in shaping behavior

Unlike early behaviorists, many contemporary behaviorists _________

structuralism

What approach to psychology did Wundt endorse?

behavioral, humanistic, sociocultural, cognitive,

What are contemporary approaches to psychology?

critical thinking, skepticism, curiosity, and objectivity

What are the four core attitudes in the scientific approach?

describing behavior, explaining behavior, and predicting behavior

What are the goals of the science of psychology?

science, behavior, and mental processes

What are the three key parts of psychology?

manifest content and latent contest

What are the two types of content that appear in dreams?

mental processes and the processes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment

What did the functionalists focus on?

behavior and mental processes

What do psychologists study?

anterograde amnesia

What does a person have if she cannot create new memories?

some relatively permanent change to occur

What does learning require?

Evolutionary approach

What is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors?

type of research that studies whether where a freshman student lives predicts how much he or she will study each week

What is an example of correlational research?

Type of research that studies how long the average freshman student studies each week

What is an example of descriptive research?

type of research that studies whether a freshman student will study ten hours or more each week if he or she has a roommate who studies ten or more hours a week

What is an example of experimental research?

sociocultural, psychodynamic, biological, evolutionary

What is considered contemporary approaches to psychology?

only behaviors can be directly observed

What is the difference between a behavior and a mental process?

8 hours

What is the number of hours of sleep that adults usually need for optimal or peak performance?

psychoanalysis

What is the technique that Freud developed?

learning through conditioning

What might a behaviorist study?

negative punishment

When a teenager gets poor grades, his father takes away his cell phone. This consequence is considered

empirical

When researchers gather evidence and examine it logically, they are using the ___________ method

biological

Which approach to psychology emphasizes the role of the physical processes, such as brain and nervous system functioning?

critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, curiosity

Which of the following are the core attitudes in the scientific approach?

awareness and arousal

Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness?

Functionalism

______ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

memory

________ involves retaining information over time

Wundt

___________ developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research

psychology

___________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

structuralism

a 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offered the best way to understand thought and behavior

introspection

examination of one's own thoughts and feelings

descriptive research

type of research that gathers information on the basic dimensions of a variable