Chapter 1 - Week 1- CONNECT
suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study
The behavioral perspective _____.
the use of systematic methods to gather data and form conclusions
The defining feature that makes psychology a science is
philosophy and the natural sciences
The field of psychology has its roots in __________
mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment
The functionalists focused on _________
James
Functionalism had its roots in the thoughts of _________
classical conditioning
Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. Thus, when we see lightning, we often anticipate that we will hear thunder again soon afterward. This is an example of
sensory, memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Memory storage involves which of the following three systems?
cognitive thought processes
Modern behaviorist researchers include _____ in their research, whereas early behaviorists did not.
academic settings
Most psychologists work in __________
neuroscience
The scientific study of the nervous system's structure, function, development, and biochemistry is known as ______.
Humanistic approach
Which psychological perspective emphasizes a person's positive qualities, capability for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny?
Psychodynamic approach
Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between the biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences?
Each perspective provides some insight into human behavior and mental processes.
Which statement about the seven contemporary approaches is most accurate?
Watson and Skinner
Who are the two main components of the behavioral approach?
stream of consciousness
William James used the term ____ to describe the natural flow of thought.
stream of consciousness
William James used the term ___________ to describe the natural flow of thought
9
most people can keep _____ items in their short-term memory
mental processes
solving a math problem in your head, daydreaming, worrying, remembering last weekend
encoding
taking in information through your senses for the purpose of memory
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
experimental research
type of research that looks for a casual relationship between relationships
correlational research
type of research that looks for relationships between variables
imagery
when you visualize material in a way that makes it more likely you will remember it in the future
withdrawl symptoms
A person who is experiencing physical pain of craving for a drug when its discontinued is displaying
active
Critical thinking is an ___________ process involving engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers
evidence
Critical thinking is the practice of evaluating ____________
the scientific study of behavior and mental process
Psychology is best defined as?
skeptical
Scientists should be ____________, which means that they challenge what people believe to be true, especially when there is lack of evidence for the belief
sociocultural
The _____________ perspective examines the ways in which different kinds of environments influence behavior.
fixed mindset
Some people believe that their abilities cannot be changed. This is known as
behavioral
The ________ approach defines learning and change through experiences
empirical
The _________ method involves gaining knowledge by collecting data and thinking logically about the findings
evolutionary
The _________ perspective uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
cognitive
The ___________ perspective focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing; how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.
humanistic
The ____________ perspective emphasizes a person's qualities, capability for growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny
are interested in the role of cognitive thought processes in shaping behavior
Unlike early behaviorists, many contemporary behaviorists _________
structuralism
What approach to psychology did Wundt endorse?
behavioral, humanistic, sociocultural, cognitive,
What are contemporary approaches to psychology?
critical thinking, skepticism, curiosity, and objectivity
What are the four core attitudes in the scientific approach?
describing behavior, explaining behavior, and predicting behavior
What are the goals of the science of psychology?
science, behavior, and mental processes
What are the three key parts of psychology?
manifest content and latent contest
What are the two types of content that appear in dreams?
mental processes and the processes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment
What did the functionalists focus on?
behavior and mental processes
What do psychologists study?
anterograde amnesia
What does a person have if she cannot create new memories?
some relatively permanent change to occur
What does learning require?
Evolutionary approach
What is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors?
type of research that studies whether where a freshman student lives predicts how much he or she will study each week
What is an example of correlational research?
Type of research that studies how long the average freshman student studies each week
What is an example of descriptive research?
type of research that studies whether a freshman student will study ten hours or more each week if he or she has a roommate who studies ten or more hours a week
What is an example of experimental research?
sociocultural, psychodynamic, biological, evolutionary
What is considered contemporary approaches to psychology?
only behaviors can be directly observed
What is the difference between a behavior and a mental process?
8 hours
What is the number of hours of sleep that adults usually need for optimal or peak performance?
psychoanalysis
What is the technique that Freud developed?
learning through conditioning
What might a behaviorist study?
negative punishment
When a teenager gets poor grades, his father takes away his cell phone. This consequence is considered
empirical
When researchers gather evidence and examine it logically, they are using the ___________ method
biological
Which approach to psychology emphasizes the role of the physical processes, such as brain and nervous system functioning?
critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, curiosity
Which of the following are the core attitudes in the scientific approach?
awareness and arousal
Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness?
Functionalism
______ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.
memory
________ involves retaining information over time
Wundt
___________ developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research
psychology
___________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
structuralism
a 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offered the best way to understand thought and behavior
introspection
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
descriptive research
type of research that gathers information on the basic dimensions of a variable