Chapter 10
Thiamin
, or vitamin B‒1, is the vitamin component of a coenzyme that is important for energy metabolism as part of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) - necessary for brakedown of carbohydrates to release energy for the metabolism of branched amino acids - nesecarry for synthesis of neurotransmitters
RDA for riboflavin
1.1 mg women 1.3 mg men
vitamin B-6 content
1.3 for adults
rda for niacin
14mg per day for women 16 mg a day for men
biotin AI
30 micrograms
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
A degenerative brain disorder associated with a deficiency of thiamin• Most commonly caused by excessive alcohol consumption• Symptoms include abnormal eye movements, staggering gait, and distorted thought processes
5mg/day
AI of pantothenic acid
riboflavin
Cow's milk, yogurt, and other dairy products• Enriched cereal• Almonds• Liver• Mushrooms• Broccoli and asparagus• Spinach and other green leafy vegetables
good sources of niacin
Enriched cereals• Beef liver• Tuna• Salmon• Poultry• Pork• Mushrooms
too much niacin
Flushing of skin, usually on face and chest• GI tract upset, such as nausea and vomiting• Liver damage
Food sources of pantothenic acid
Fortified cereals• Liver• Sunflower seeds• Mushrooms• Peas and peas• Walnuts and berries: meat, milk, many kinds of vegetables
Good sources of biotin
Liver• Eggs• Peanuts• Salmon• Pork
pellagra
Niacin deficiency characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and deaths
hemoglobin
PLP helps produce heme, a component of
Good sources of vitamin B-6
Pistachio nuts and walnuts• Chicken• Salmon• Potatoes and bananas• Spinach, sweet red peppers and broccoli
food sources of thiamin
Pork• Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals• Legumes• Orange juice• Brewer's yeast 1.1 women, 1.2 men
biotin deficiency
Skin rash• Hair loss• Convulsions• Neurological disorders• Developmental delays in infants
35 mg/day
UL for adults of niacin
neurotransmitters
Vitamin B-6 is involved in the synthesis of
panthothenic acid deficiency
When experimentally induced, signs and symptoms include headache, fatigue, impaired muscle coordination,GI tract disturbances, and burning feet syndrome (seve reaching in the feet)• Alcoholics may develop deficiency of this and other Bvitamins
Vitamin B-6
a vitamin component of the coenzymepyridoxal phosphate (PLP); important for energy metabolism,particularly protein metabolism
peripheral neuropathy
condition characterized by sever sensory nerve damage - can be caused by megadoses of vitamin B-6
avidin
is a protein found in raw egg whites that binds biotin, thus preventing absorption of the vitamin30
ariboflavinosis
is a riboflavin deficiency disease characterized by fatigue, inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the mouth and throat, and glossitis
pantothenic acid
is a vitamin component of coenzyme A(CoA)Roles of Coenzyme A:• Helps release energy from carbohydrates, fat, and protein• Necessary for fatty acid synthesis
beriberi
is the thiamin deficiency disease characterized by weakness, poor muscular coordination, and abnormal functioning of the cardiovascular,digestive, and nervous systems10
heme-02 defiency
microcytic anemia
treatment
no alcohol and thiamin shots
60 mg of tryptophan
one mg of niacin
niacin
or vitamin B‒3, is important for energy metabolism as part of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)coenzymes
Riboflavin
r vitamin B‒2, is important for energy metabolism as part of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)• The two coenzymes play key roles in enzymatic reactions, including those that are critical to fatty acid and folate metabolism• The liver, kidneys, and heart store small amounts of riboflavin• Any excess intake is rapidly excreted in the urine13
biotin
the vitamin component of a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions that add carbon dioxide toother compounds Roles of the coenzyme form:• Promotes the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids and the breakdown of certain amino acids
dietary dificiency of b-6
• Dermatitis• Anemia• Convulsions• Depression• Confusion