Chapter 10

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?

Adaptive change

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

Demographic characteristics

What is the first step in organizational development?

Diagnosis

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers.

Diagnosis → What is the problem? Intervention → What should we do about it? Evaluation → How well has the intervention worked? Feedback → How can the diagnosis be further refined?

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Disruption of group relationships

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?

Education

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?

Employee characteristics Change agent characteristics

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?

Fear of failure

What are common reasons that employees resist change?

Fear of the unknown Loss of status or job security Peer pressure

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

What are the three parts of a systems model of change?

Inputs Target elements of change Outputs

Which is a purpose of organizational development?

Managing conflict

What type of structure is best suited to innovation?

Organic

Which of the following is an adaptive change in an organization?

Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization

Which of the following BEST describes "demassification"?

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Which statement about organizational development is true?

Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

What are likely to cause resistance to change?

The potential for loss of status Fears about job security

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

True

Match the stage of Lewin's Change Model with its description.

Unfreezing → Creating the motivation to change Changing → Introducing new information, perspectives, and models of behavior Refreezing → Supporting and reinforcing the new behavior

What are companies doing to respond effectively to increasing segmentation of the marketplace?

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

To promote innovation, organizational structure and internal process should foster ______.

agility collaboration cross-functional communication

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture.

an accepted part of

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.

being open and honest about changes

Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______.

celebrates failure as vital toward fostering innovation

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.

conflict

One assumption of a systems approach to change is that change ______.

creates a ripple effect through an organization

Organizational _____ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.

development

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______.

diagnose problems

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.

disruption of the group relationship

The third step in the organization development process is ______.

evaluation

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______.

fear of failure

Self-compassion is best described as ______.

gentleness with yourself

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______.

innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.

it is a surprise

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.

peer pressure

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation.

product

Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to foresee them, is referred to as ______ change.

reactive

If employees feel fairly treated by their managers during an organizational change, they are less likely to _______ the change.

resist

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______.

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.

self-affirmations

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

senior leaders

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.

supertrends

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.

top managers are not committed

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis? (Check all that apply.)

→ By consulting company records → By using surveys and questionnaires → By attending meetings and performing direct observation

What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?

→ Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information. → The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies?

→ Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. →Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation?

→ Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures → Create an innovation strategy → Get commitment from top managers →Establish the required structure and processes

Which of the following are true about a self-affirmation?

→ It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals → It is way of getting rid of negative thoughts

What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion?

→ Remember you are not alone. → Engage in mindfulness meditation. → Practice self-kindness.