Chapter 10
In binocular rivalry, you see one image in the left eye and an incompatible image in the right eye. What do you perceive?
an alternation between one image and the other
In which of these does a person have the LEAST amount of brain activity and responsiveness?
brain death
Which of the following is characteristic of a "minimally conscious state"?
brief periods of purposeful action and speech comprehension
In which condition does the brain show a low, steady rate of activity and no response to any stimulus?
coma
What is one important function of sleep?
conserving energy
Which of the following often produces spatial neglect for half of the body?
damage in the right hemisphere of the brain
Research examining the content of dreams in American and Japanese college students found that
dream content was similar in both cultures.
Damage to the right hemisphere of the brain often leads to which of the following?
tendency to be unconscious of the left side of the body and the world
To experience smell, our brain detects molecules
true
Unpleasant dreams are called nightmares
true
The brain is an electronic device
true (5 antennas)
Detecting electric fields on the head is a way to detect and measure brain activity
true (use EEG detectors)
When researchers measured brain activity during a binocular rivalry task, what did they find?
A consciously perceived image activated large portions of the brain
The brain activity associated with REM sleep is most similar to that associated with
stage 1 sleep.
Re-synchronizing the circadian rhythm is easier after flying west, the same direction as the sun seems to rise.
true
SCN stands for suprachiasmatic nucleus.
true
Sleep progresses through a series of stages.
true
Sleep spindles tend to occur during stage 2 sleep
true
How would the activation-synthesis theory explain why people dream of an inability to move?
It really is difficult to move the muscles during REM sleep.
What does it mean if you wake up and find yourself temporarily unable to move?
Part of your brain is awake and another part is asleep
Why is it impossible for sleepwalking to occur during REM sleep?
The postural muscles are so relaxed that they would not support a person.
Why do cats sleep more than sheep?
Cats are in less danger while they sleep.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between light-dark cycles (from the rising and setting sun) and circadian rhythms?
Circadian rhythms are generated by the body, but reset by light-dark cycles
What evidence indicated that a woman in a vegetative state may be conscious?
Her brain activity responded to commands such as "imagine playing tennis."
Which of the following is true of brain activity during sleep?
Increased inhibitory messages prevent excitation from spreading in the brain
What evidence suggested that some people in a vegetative state are conscious?
Instructions to imagine something activated the same brain areas as in intact people
How does dreaming differ from other thinking?
It has less sensory input and less voluntary control.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?
Most of the body's muscles are tense and active.
A worker at International Amalgamated, Inc., is currently working from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. The company wants to shift her to a different work time. For the sake of her physical and mental health, which of the following would be best?
Move her to the 4 p.m. to midnight shift, then to midnight to 8 a.m. shift.
During which stage of sleep is the brain most active?
REM
The terms "light sleep" and "deep sleep" are not very useful because
REM sleep is deep in some ways and light in others.
If a person goes without sleep for several days, what happens?
Sleepiness decreases at the end of each sleepless night, as morning arrives
After a prolonged period of sleep deprivation, what happens to the brain?
Some neurons are active but others are as inactive as in sleep
What happens to the brain's representation of a sensory stimulus on occasions when people are conscious of it, that does not happen when they are unconscious of it?
The activity spreads through much more of the brain.
Someone with right-hemisphere damage ordinarily neglects the left side of objects. What happens if the person closes his/her eyes and tries to describe a scene form memory?
The description neglects the left side
What problem do people with sleep apnea experience?
They often stop breathing while they are asleep
Researchers wanted to present a stimulus that would become conscious on some trials and not on others, while keeping the stimulus itself the same. Which of these methods did they use to make the stimulus unconscious?
They presented interfering stimuli before and after the stimulus
What evidence suggests that we sometimes consciously perceive a stimulus afterward, instead of simultaneously with it?
We don't perceive a brief masked stimulus, but a slightly longer one seems to last the whole duration
Our tendency to feel wakeful and sleepy on a 24-hour basis depends mainly on
a cycle generated by a mechanism in the brain
Narcolepsy may be caused by
a deficiency of the brain chemical orexin.
Someone who stays in a cave with no light alternates between sleepiness and wakefulness on about a 24 hour cycle. Why?
a rhythm generated within the person's own
After staying awake late many nights, Gloria has become accustomed to going to sleep late and awakening late. Now she tries to shift to going to bed earlier and waking up earlier. This shift is similar to the difficulties people face when they travel
east
A lucid dream refers to a dream someone forgets
false
Most dreams do not include visual content.
false
The ears are most like a radio antenna
false (eyes are)
During REM sleep
heart rate and breathing rate are low and steady. (wrong)
For most people, REM sleep occurs
mostly toward the end of the night's sleep
If you were on a submarine with constant artificial light and no sunlight, what would happen to your sleep-wake cycle?
ou would alternate between sleep and wakefulness on a 24-hour cycle
When a normal, healthy person falls asleep, REM sleep is least likely when
the person has been asleep less than an hour
A less synchronized bran is a "more" active brain.
true
A person is considered conscious if they are aware of themselves and their surroundings.
true
In the context of the brain, a "nucleus" refers to a group of neuron cell bodies.
true
One explanation as to why animals sleep is to save energy.
true