Chapter 10 Alterations in immune function

Radiation immunodeficiency is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder

Caused by the destruction of rapid proliferation cells from the effects of radiation

Type III Hypersensitivity (Immune Complex)

Characterized by antigen-antibody complex deposition into tissues, with consequent activation complement and a subsequent self-sustaining inflammatory reaction

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Graves' disease Erythroblastosis fetalis

Cancer immunodeficiency

Is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the destruction of rapidly proliferating cells from chemotherapeutic agents

Myasthenia gravis

Is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves impaired muscle function

Which disorder is associated with a Type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury

systemic lupus erythematosus

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by

Surgery High blood sugar Corticosteroids Low protein level

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Do not involve antibody production The principal mediators are lymphocytes, including T helper cells that mediate the reaction by releasing lymphokines (cytokines) and/ or antigen-sensitized cytotoxic T cells that can directly kill cells

DiGeorge is

A T cell primary immune deficiency

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells

Selective IgA deficiency

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Immune complex glomerulonephritis (an inflammatory renal disorder)

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Antigen-antibody immune complexes mediate

Type III hypersensitivity reactions

T cells mediate

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Erythroblastosis fetalis develops during pregnancy

When an Rh-negative mother is sensitized to her fetus's Rh-positive red cell group antigens because of exposure during her current or a previous pregnancy

Type III Hypersensitivity (Immune Complex)

Involves IgG

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Involves IgM or IgG

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Affects both T cells and B cells

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-negative woman with an Rh-negative antibody titer carrying

An Rh-positive fetus

Hypersensitivity reactions are

An excessive immune response

Malnutrition immunodeficiency is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder

And leads to T cell destruction and dysfunction

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease

HIV/AIDS - involves destruction of T helper cells

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called

HLA or MHC

An important that mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

Histamine

Type I hypersensitivity

IgE mediated allergic reactions

The effects of histamine release include

Increased vascular permeability- which fosters fluid movement out of capillaries and into tissues leading to the edema common to type 1 hypersensitivity Bronchoconstriction Increased gut permeability Vasodilation

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions because

Massive histamine release from the mast cells leads to vasodilation Hypotension can occur in type I hypersensitivity due to massive histamine release leading to vasodilation. Toxins are not released during type I hypersensitivity reactions. Sweating occurs as a reaction to shock from severe hypotension; the hypotension occurs first and is due to histamine release. Hypoxia occurs in anaphylaxis due to shock from severe hypotension; the hypotension occurs first and is due to histamine release.

Autoimmune diseases result from

Overactive immune function Failure of the immune system to differentiate self and no self molecules

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

Recipient antibodies

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Mast cells are a primary effector cell of the

Type 1 hypersensitivity response

Anaphylaxis may occur in certain hypersensitivity reactions including

Type I Type II

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in

Type I hypersensitivity reactions

Complement mediates

Type II hypersensitivity reactions

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a

deficient immune response in which the response is ineffective due to disease-causing genotypes or secondary/acquired dysfunction

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

Develop recurrent, severe, unusual, or unmanageable infections

Genetic abnormalities of immune components

Lead to primary immune deficiency problems