Chapter 10 Alterations in immune function
Radiation immunodeficiency is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder
Caused by the destruction of rapid proliferation cells from the effects of radiation
Type III Hypersensitivity (Immune Complex)
Characterized by antigen-antibody complex deposition into tissues, with consequent activation complement and a subsequent self-sustaining inflammatory reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Graves' disease Erythroblastosis fetalis
Cancer immunodeficiency
Is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the destruction of rapidly proliferating cells from chemotherapeutic agents
Myasthenia gravis
Is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves impaired muscle function
Which disorder is associated with a Type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury
systemic lupus erythematosus
Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by
Surgery High blood sugar Corticosteroids Low protein level
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions
Do not involve antibody production The principal mediators are lymphocytes, including T helper cells that mediate the reaction by releasing lymphokines (cytokines) and/ or antigen-sensitized cytotoxic T cells that can directly kill cells
DiGeorge is
A T cell primary immune deficiency
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells
Selective IgA deficiency
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Immune complex glomerulonephritis (an inflammatory renal disorder)
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Antigen-antibody immune complexes mediate
Type III hypersensitivity reactions
T cells mediate
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions
Erythroblastosis fetalis develops during pregnancy
When an Rh-negative mother is sensitized to her fetus's Rh-positive red cell group antigens because of exposure during her current or a previous pregnancy
Type III Hypersensitivity (Immune Complex)
Involves IgG
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Involves IgM or IgG
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Affects both T cells and B cells
RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-negative woman with an Rh-negative antibody titer carrying
An Rh-positive fetus
Hypersensitivity reactions are
An excessive immune response
Malnutrition immunodeficiency is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder
And leads to T cell destruction and dysfunction
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease
HIV/AIDS - involves destruction of T helper cells
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called
HLA or MHC
An important that mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
Histamine
Type I hypersensitivity
IgE mediated allergic reactions
The effects of histamine release include
Increased vascular permeability- which fosters fluid movement out of capillaries and into tissues leading to the edema common to type 1 hypersensitivity Bronchoconstriction Increased gut permeability Vasodilation
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions because
Massive histamine release from the mast cells leads to vasodilation Hypotension can occur in type I hypersensitivity due to massive histamine release leading to vasodilation. Toxins are not released during type I hypersensitivity reactions. Sweating occurs as a reaction to shock from severe hypotension; the hypotension occurs first and is due to histamine release. Hypoxia occurs in anaphylaxis due to shock from severe hypotension; the hypotension occurs first and is due to histamine release.
Autoimmune diseases result from
Overactive immune function Failure of the immune system to differentiate self and no self molecules
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by
Recipient antibodies
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Mast cells are a primary effector cell of the
Type 1 hypersensitivity response
Anaphylaxis may occur in certain hypersensitivity reactions including
Type I Type II
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in
Type I hypersensitivity reactions
Complement mediates
Type II hypersensitivity reactions
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a
deficient immune response in which the response is ineffective due to disease-causing genotypes or secondary/acquired dysfunction
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
Develop recurrent, severe, unusual, or unmanageable infections
Genetic abnormalities of immune components
Lead to primary immune deficiency problems
