chapter 10

Which statement about the relationship between antioxidants and cancer is true?

Eating whole foods that are rich in the antioxidant nutrients has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of cancers.

Light-sensitive cells found in the retina that react to dim light are __________ cells.

Rod

Which function is NOT a proposed mechanism by which antioxidant nutrients help to prevent cancer?

decreasing the need for exercise

Night blindness is associated with a vitamin __________ deficiency.

Vitamin A

Which best describes the action of a carcinogen?

cancer-initiating

A recently identified risk factor for CVD that would be affected by the consumption of antioxidants is __________.

low-grade inflammation

Which mineral does NOT play a key role in antioxidant enzyme systems?

magnesium

The mechanism by which selenium reduces oxidation involves __________.

neutralizing peroxide molecules and sparing vitamin E

Your best friend has recently joined the Peace Corps and will be working to improve the nutrition of children in Somalia. Once there, she observed many children suffering from night blindness. What food might she recommend to improve this condition?

sweet potato

Your friend read on a blog that beta-carotene can prevent cancer and that she should take a beta-carotene supplement to ensure she is meeting her dietary needs. How do you respond?

tell her taking beta carotene supplements can increase risk of cancer, especially in those who smoke

Paul has a history of colon cancer in his family and is trying to make lifestyle improvements to lower his risk. Which lifestyle improvement is NOT a good strategy to lower his risk?

using tanning beds instead of going out in the sun

__________ is protected by antioxidants from oxidative damage, thus reducing risk for CVD.

LDL-cholesterol