Chapter 10: Energy Balance and Weight Control
A young man can estimate his daily metabolic rate by following the formula of______.
1.0 kcal/kg/hour
The desirable percentage ranges of body fat between males and females, respectively, are _____.
13-21 and 23-31
Which range of BMI indicates healthy weight?
18.5-24.9
Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about _____.
30
Tabitha wants to lose 5 pounds of body fat. How long will it take her to lose if she decreases her calorie level by 500 calories per day? Think about the calories in a pound of fat to calculate the answer to this question.
35 days35 days
In order to lose one pound of fat per week (7 days), how many calories must be decreased in the diet per day?
500
The psychological disorder with the highest mortality rate is
AN
Choose healthy ways to lower the intake of calories.
Avoid alcohol. Eat less added sugars. Reduce solid fat intake.
Select successful strategies for weight loss.
Decreased calorie intake Increased physical activity Behavior modification
The term used to describe the calories that cells use to perform their activities is called _____.
EO
Select some healthy ways to reduce total calorie consumption.
Eat less solid fats. Eat less added sugar. Consume less alcohol.
Age, physical activity, weight and height are variables in the equation to calculate your total energy needs, known as your _____.
Estimated Energy Requirement.
True or false: The risks for some diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are less with central-body obesity.
F
Which of the following is a limitation of the BMI calculation?
It would not be accurate for a very muscular person.
Which of the following is a benefit to extra body fat during the older adult years?
Provides an extra padding of fat to protect from injury Provides a source of extra calories
True or false: Obesity contributes to several of the leading causes of death in the United States, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
T
Achieving a healthy body weight requires making lifestyle changes that______.
a person adopts for the rest of their life
Choose the best definition for bulimia nervosa.
a psychological condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain
Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.
absorption of nutrients digestion of nutrients physical activity
A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that consuming just 3 shakes a day of their special formula nutritional shake is all you need to eat in order to lose weight. A more sound diet plan would______.
accommodate family and restaurant meals, parties, and other special occasions
The eating disorder that has suicide, heart failure, and alcoholism as its primary causes of death is______.
anorexia nervosa
As each adipose cell releases fat, the cell______.
becomes smaller promotes weight loss
One way to prevent eating disorders is to encourage a person to challenge the idea that______.
being thin is ideal
a psychological condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain
binge eating disorder
The 3 main types of eating disorders include______.
binge-eating disorder anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa
Factors that affect the basal metabolic rate include______.
body composition sex surface area
What is the numerical value that reflects body weight adjusted for height and is used to assess risk for chronic health problems?
body mass index
The fat-free mass is a body compartment that consists of _____.
body water mineral-rich tissues protein-rich tissues
The severe psychological condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging is called
bulimia nervosa
The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming______.
carbohydrates protein fat
visceral fat
causes inflammation in the body
obesity
condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat
Choose characteristics of the male athlete triad.
condition similar to the female athlete triad excessive limitation of calories participates in a sport where a lower body weight is an advantage
The addition of extra fat during the elderly years is______.
considered healthy
Choose the successful strategies for reducing obesity.
decreased calorie intake. behavior modification. increased physical activity.
Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.
decreased; increased
If you are contemplating gaining or losing weight, appropriate questions to ask yourself include _____.
determining whether your weight is affecting your health determining if your BMI within a normal range evaluating why you think you need to lose or gain weight
Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation.
digestion physical activity metabolism
The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ____ of nutrients.
digestion processing absorption
The BMI is a numerical value based on the relationship between _____ and _____.
disease risk body weight
Medical experts _______ recommend dietary supplements for weight loss.
do not
According to the National Weight Control Registry, people who have successfully lost weight and maintained the weight loss _____.
eat low-calorie, low-fat diets limit television watching to less than 10 hours per week exercise, on average, for 60 minutes each day eat breakfast every day weigh themselves at least once a week
Successful strategies for maintaining weight loss include______.
eating low-calorie diets eating breakfast daily
The term that describes the capacity to perform work is called _____.
energy
Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation?
energy input = energy output
Which natural stimulant produced serious side effects and even death and was thus banned by the FDA in 2004?
ephedra
When your calorie intake from food and beverages _____ your calorie output for basal metabolism, physical activity, and TEF, you are in energy equilibrium.
equals
The category of BMI that is a major health risk is termed obese.
extremely
The need for changing your weight should be based on your______
family history of weight-related disease overall health
The amount and location of stores in the body are important predictors of health risk.
fat
When the body needs energy, adipose cells release ____ to use as fuel.
fat
The energy needs of the body are met by______.
food intake
You are helping a good friend begin a weight-loss program because her blood pressure is elevated. What should you look for when helping her find a weight-loss program that will work for her?
fosters slow but steady weight loss incorporates a variety of common foods from all food groups can be followed for a lifetime meets nutritional, psychological, and social needs
After following a fad diet, people usually _______ weight when they resume their previous food and lifestyle habits.
gain
A hormone secreted by the stomach which stimulates eating behavior is
ghrelin
Which populations are at an increased risk of developing female athlete triad?
girl dancers woman gymnasts women in competitive sports
overweight
having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat, and/or body water
Which of the following contribute to basal metabolism?
heart function respiration of the lungs activity of the liver, brain, and kidney
Muscle is denser than fat; therefore, many muscular people may have ____ BMIs and yet have healthy percentages of body fat.
higher
Using the "rule of thumb" formula, a man's estimate of his daily metabolic rate will be ________ than that of a woman.
higher
Efforts to prevent eating disorders focus on______.
improving self-confidence fostering body acceptance
A diet plan Ann found on the internet states, "Eat all you want and lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does not agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as______.
incorporate food from all food groups attempt for slow but steady weight loss meet your nutritional, psychological, and social needs
Increasing your physical activity will _____ how many calories you burn.
increase
Why is fructose added to ultra-processed foods and beverages?
increase sweetness
A positive energy balance evidenced by decreased physical activity and increased calorie consumption all contribute to ______.
increased fat storage and obesity
Factors that increase the BMR include______.
increased muscle mass fever growth
subcutaneous fat
insulates the body against cold temperatures
The energy expended for physical activity depends on the______.
intensity and duration of the exercise type of activity weight of the person
Which of the following are characteristics of fad diets?
lacks scientific support avoids the need to change eating patterns and increase physical activity promotes quick weight loss recommends the use of expensive supplements
The hormone secreted by fat cells which results in satiety and an inhibition of fat storage is______.
leptin
Negative energy balance occurs when energy input is ____ energy output.
less than
To increase the number of calories used for physical activity, one could______.
lift heavier weights train longer run faster
Examples of energy output include______.
liver detoxification muscle cell contraction nutrient absorption
What are the problems with an ultra-processed diet?
low in vitamins and minerals poor source of fiber contains added colors, flavors, emulsifiers, and preservatives
Factors that decrease the BMR include______.
low thyroid hormone aging decreased muscle mass
What are the negative outcomes of the male athlete triad?
lower-than-normal blood levels of testosterone abnormal male reproductive function reduced bone mineral density
A BMI of 40 or greater (classified as severely obese) is considered______.
major health risk
The female athlete triad is characterized by______.
menstrual disturbances low energy availability reduced bone density
In order to lose weight, energy balance must be______.
negative
When energy input is less than energy output, the person is in energy balance.
negative
A problem with a high-fructose intake is that it contributes to______.
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Men with over 26% body fat and women over 38% body fat are considered
obese
The term used to describe a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat is
obesity
Which two are the most common nutritional disorders in the United States?
obesity overweight
Pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence are all life stages when a _____ energy balance is appropriate.
positive
The factors that encourage excess body fat stores and obesity include ______.
positive energy balance increased calorie consumption
What is included in an ultra-processed diet?
refined starches unhealthy fats sugar and salt
Choose characteristics of a typical fad diet.
requires buying special foods, books, and supplements nutritionally imbalanced promotes rapid weight loss
Women generally have more fat than men, whereas men tend to have more fat than women.
subcutaneous,visceral
The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the
thermic effect of food.
The body components that make up weight include fat-free mass and
total body fat
The health problems associated with excess body fat include increased risks of______.
type 2 diabetes hypertension cardiovascular disease
When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your______.
weight age height
In the United States, overweight and obesity are______.
widespread nutritional problems that have reached epidemic proportions