Chapter 10 Learning curve

b

A researcher is assessing the expression of a certain protein in cells. This protein appears as a "web" in the cytoplasm of cells. The protein is likely: a. a component of the extracellular matrix. b. a component of the cytoskeleton. c. All of these choices are correct. d. a component of cell junctions. e. a component of the basal lamina.

a cell adhesion molecule

Cadherin is an example of: an intermediate filament protein. a cell adhesion molecule. a motor protein. an extracellular matrix protein.

both intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal element(s)? microtubules intermediate filaments both intermediate filaments and microfilaments microfilaments

a

Could an isolated melanin granule move along an actin microfilament? a. No, motor proteins are specific for the type of filament they bind. b. Yes, motor proteins all use ATP to cause a conformation change. c. None of the other answer options is correct. d. Yes, melanin granules have motor proteins.

a

If intermediate filaments were capable of dynamic instability, which of the following outcomes would be most likely? a. cell adhesion would be affected b. It is not possible to determine the outcome from the information given. c. cilia would be altered d. microvilli would collapse e. chromosome segregation would be affected

d

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse? a. The epidermis and dermis will be strongly connected. b. Cellular junctions will fail to form between the cells of the epidermis. c. The dermis will be disorganized and will lack blood vessels. d. The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis.

intermediate filaments

In skin, the cells of the epidermis connect to the basal lamina through cellular junctions known as hemidesmosomes. Select the cytoskeletal element that helps maintain the integrity of this connection. microfilaments both intermediate filaments and microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules

d

Macrophage cells undergo a process called phagocytosis in which material is brought into a cell in the form of membrane vesicles and then transported along microtubules toward the cell center. Assuming that the centrosome is near the cell center, you can predict that these vesicles are moving to the _____ end of microtubules using the motor protein _____. a. plus end; kinesin b. minus end; kinesin c. plus end; dynein d. minus end; dynein

a

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that: a. cell adhesion molecules are species specific. b. cell adhesion molecules are non-specific. c. sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules. d. sponge cells posses an extracellular matrix.

a

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that: a. cell adhesion molecules are species specific. b. sponge cells posses an extracellular matrix. c. sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules. d. cell adhesion molecules are non-specific.

b

The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis by diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells? a. The protective function that the epidermis carries out is better served by having a layer of dead cells. b. One of the major functions of the epidermis is forming a waterproof barrier. Once that barrier is formed, nutrients cannot pass through it and the cells beyond that layer die. c. None of the other answer options is correct. d. UV light cannot penetrate as easily through dead cells as it can through live cells.

a

The internal cytoskeletal structure of cilia and flagella grows out from a structure called a basal body located near the cell surface. Based on this information, where would you predict the plus end of the microtubules to be located? a. near the tip of the cilia or flagella b. near the basal body c. at both ends of the cilia or flagella d. It is not possible to predict from the information provided.

d

The most likely reason(s) a metastatic tumor cell might lose its connection to the basal lamina would be: a. the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface. b. a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface. c. a change in the composition of the basal lamina. d. the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface, or a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface.

in a cell junction

Where would you find a cell adhesion molecule? in a cilium in the microvilli near the centrosome in a cell junction

d

Which is the correct order of cytoskeletal filaments in decreasing filament diameter? a. microtubules → microfilaments → intermediate filaments b. intermediate filaments → microfilaments → microtubules c. microfilaments → microtubules → intermediate filaments d.microtubules → intermediate filaments → microfilaments

collagen and laminin

Which of the following are components of the animal extracellular matrix? collagen and laminin cellulose and laminin lignin and laminin lignin and elastin pectin and collagen

tight junction

Which of the following cell junctions is involved in creating a barrier between cells? adherens junction tight junction desmosome

lignin

Which of the following could not be a part of the extracellular matrix made by an animal cell? elastin laminin collagen lignin

c

Which of the following is a false statement about the motor proteins myosin and kinesin? a. None these statements about myosin and kinesin is false. b. They both use ATP. c. They both move cargo to the plus end of a cytoskeletal filament. d. They both move along microtubules.

basal lamina

Which of the following is a specific type of extracellular matrix? plasmodesmata basal lamina cilia flagella

c

Which of the following statements about the skin is true? a. The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue called epithelial tissue. b. The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue called connective tissue. c. The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue. d. The epidermis is made up of connective tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of epithelial tissue.

cytoskeleton

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell? cell junctions cytoskeleton organelles microvilli

both microtubules and microfilaments

Which one of the following cytoskeletal elements is associated with supporting the movement of materials inside the cell? intermediate filaments microtubules both microtubules and microfilaments microfilaments

plasmodesmata

Which type of cellular junction(s) allow(s) for the movement of proteins and transfer RNA molecules? desmosomes plasmodesmata both plasmodesmata and gap junctions gap junctions