Chapter 10

Photophosphorlyation is most similar to

Oxidative phosphorlation in cellar respiration

Flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Water- NADPH- Calvin cycle

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located? A) in chloroplast membranes B) in the ribosomes C) in the nucleoid D) in the infolded plasma membrane

D) in the infolded plasma membrane

PS 2

2 water needed and 4 electrons

Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants _____. A) can continue to fix CO2 even at lower CO2 concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations B) have higher rates of photorespiration C) do not use rubisco for carbon fixation D) make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria

A) can continue to fix CO2 even at lower CO2 concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations

18) In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is because chlorophyll is degraded and _____. A) carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves B) the degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced D) sugars are sent to most of the cells of the leaves

A) carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves

Photorespiration _____. A) generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen B) generates ATP and sugars and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide C) generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars D) consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen

A) generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of _____. A) splitting water molecules B) chemiosmosis C) the electron transfer system of photosystem I D) the electron transfer system of photosystem II

A) splitting water molecules

How many must carbon dioxide molecules be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose? A. 6 B. 2 C. 10 D. 4 E. 8

A. 6

What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis? A. CO2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules. B. CO2 is taken in by plants as a form of inverse respiration, in which carbon dioxide is "breathed in" and oxygen is "breathed out." C. CO2 is a source of electrons in the formation of organic molecules.

A. CO2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules.

Select the correct molecule that is the main product of the Calvin cycle. A. G3P B. NADPH C. Glucose

A. G3P

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? A. H2O > NADPH > Calvin Cycle B. NADPH > Chlorophyll > Calvin Cycle C. NADPH > Electron transport chain > O2 D. NADPH > O2 > CO2 E. H20 > Photosystem 1 > Photosystem 2

A. H2O > NADPH > Calvin cycle

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants? A. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. B. Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. C. In both cases, only photosystem I is used. D. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. E. In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.

A. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.

The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. A. Making sugar B. Producing carbon dioxide C. Capturing sunlight D. Splitting water E. Oxidizing glucose

A. Making sugar

Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. A. Oxidized ... Reduced B. Reduced ... Reduced C. Consumed ... Consumed D. Consumed ... Reduced E. Reduced ... Oxidized

A. Oxidized ... Reduced

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. A. Water ... NADPH B. NADPH ... oxygen C. Carbon dioxide ... oxygen D. NADPH ... NADP+ E. Carbon dioxide ... sugar

A. Water ... NADPH

In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex _____. A) split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll B) absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll C) synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH

Absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction center chlorophyll

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with Light Carbon dioxide and ATP Water and NADPH ATP and NADPH

NADPH

The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____. A) in plants B) in prokaryotes C) in fungi D) three separate times during evolution

B) in prokaryotes

In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules? A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4 E. 5

B. 3

Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of pH 5. The solution is then adjusted to pH 8. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions? A. ATP will be produced because the proton gradient favors proton movement through the ATP synthase channels. B. ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution. C. The change in the solution's pH results in a gradient across the chloroplast membranes such that there is a lower concentration of protons inside the vesicles and a higher concentration outside. D. Protons will not diffuse toward the outside of the vesicles.

B. ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution.

After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____. A. CO2 B. NADPH C. ATP D. ADP E. NADP+

B. NADPH

Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll? A. Substrate-level phosphorylation B. Photophosphorylation C. Dephosphorylation D. Oxidative phosphorylation

B. Photophosphorylation

19) What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)? A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. B) A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. D) An electron is excited.

D) An electron is excited.

C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants _____. A. Use malic acid to transfer carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle B. Transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs C. Are better adapted to wet conditions D. Open their stomata only at night E. Use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide

B. Transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs

What are the products of linear electron flow? A) heat and fluorescence B) ATP and P700 C) ATP and NADPH D) ADP and NADP+

C) ATP and NADPH

21) The final electron acceptor associated with photosystem I is _____. A) oxygen B) water C) NADP D) NADPH

C) NADP

As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find that 30,000 molecules of ATP were consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH were consumed. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? A) photosystem II B) photosystem I C) cyclic electron flow D) linear electron flow

C) cyclic electron flow

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will most directly affect the _____. A) splitting of water B) flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I C) synthesis of ATP D) reduction of NADP+

C) synthesis of ATP

n a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? A) thylakoid membrane only B) inner mitochondrial membrane only C) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane D) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

C) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane

In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells. A. Grana B. Thylakoids C. Cytoplasm D. Stomata E. Stroma

C. Cytoplasm

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. High-energy photons C. Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH D. NADP+ and RuBP E. Water and CO2

C. Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. A. Oxidizing glucose B. Fixing carbon C. Splitting water D. Breaking down ATP E. Removing them from NADPH

C. Splitting water

10.4 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot climates.

C4 and CAM involve initial fixation of CO2 to produce a four carbon compound, breaken down to CO2. ATP required to comibe CO2. Reducred output of C3.

The most important role of pigment in photosynthesis is to

Capture light energy

10.1 Photosynthesis concerts light energy to the chemical energy of food.

Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants in photosynthesis. Water is the source of electrons which energized by light and stored in NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to A. Reduction of NADP+. B. Carbon fixation. C. The Calvin cycle. D. Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. E. Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.

D. Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis? A. Temperature gradient B. Osmotic gradient C. Electrons D. Proton gradient

D. Proton gradient

Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel? A. ATP B. ADP C. Inorganic phosphate D. Protons

D. Protons

Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____. A. Rubisco B. G3P C. NADPH D. RuBP E. 3-PGA

D. RuBP

C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____. A. They store carbon by incorporating CO2 into organic acids that are later catabolized B. They produce water as a product of their photosynthetic pathways C. The stomata open at night and close in the day D. They can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed E. They produce carbon dioxide internally via photorespiration

D. They can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed

In C3 plants the conservation of water promotes _____. A. A shift to C4 photosynthesis B. The light reactions C. The opening of stomata D. Photosynthesis E. Photorespiration

E. Photorespiration

Electrons are transferred to NADP plus to NADPH

Electron flow is used to genrate ATP systhesis.

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

It produced from glucose during glycolysis 3 CO2, reduced in calvin, 6 G3p formed and recycled Three carbon sugar.

Liner electron flow

Light reaction end up in NADPH andn produce ATP and oxygen.

Molecular oxygen is produced during

Linear electron flow during the light reactions.

The energy used to produce ATP in the light reaction comes from

Movement of H though a memebrane.

Which of the following does not occur in Calvin cycle Carbon fixation Oxidation of NADPH Releases of oxygen Regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Release of oxygen

10.2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH.

Some wavelength of light are not aborbed by chlorophyll a are still effective at photosynthesis. Chorophyll b and caroteniods absorb different wavelength and pass to chorophyll a.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the

Stroma

10.3 The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma using NADPH and ATP.

When a pigment molecule in a light harvesting complex absorb a photon of light

The electron falls back to its gournd sate while passing its excited state energy to an electron in a nearby pigment molecule. The electron does not move though the pigment!!!!!

Rubisco

The enzyme in the plant capture CO2

What structure is formed by the reaction center, light harvesting complex and primary electron acceptors that cluster and is located in the thylakoids membrane?

The photosytem

When chloroplast pigment absorb light

The pigments' electrons become excited.

During photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell, an electrochemical gradient is formed across the

Thylakiod memeberane

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts Reduce NAD plus forming NADP Surrounded by single membrane Use chemiomosis to prude ATP Release oxygen as by product

Use Chemiosomis

The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers. From which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come? A) the electron carrier, plastocyanin B) photosystem I C) water D) oxygen

Water

Where do the electrons enter PS 2 come from? Light ATP Electrons tranport chain Water

Water

Order of electron flow in the light reaction of photosynthesis?

Water, P680, PS 2, Pq, cytochrome complex, pc, P70, PS 1 electron acceptor, Fd, NADPH

PS 2

When potosytem 2 abosirbed light , the electron that is excited to highe energy level. Oxygen is produced from water.

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? A) receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain B) generation of molecular oxygen C) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water D) passing electrons to the cytochrome complex

receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to _____. A) determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts B) test for liberation of O2 in the light C) test for CO2 fixation in the dark D) do experiments to generate an action spectrum

test for liberation of O2 in the light