Chapter 10-Marketing

The Perfect Puppy Company is running a short term campaign with their new toy Peter the Puppy. They decide to put Peter the Puppy on their promotional material, have a cardboard cutout of Peter, and include the image in the mailing list. Which marketing plan did the company use? A) A sales promotion plan B) A public relations plan C) An advertising plan D) An advergaming plan

A) A sales promotion plan

Which of the following is an example of a mass communication marketing effort? A) A radio advertisement B) House call for a product demo and sale C) Elevator pitch to a high net-worth individual D) Customized google ads

A) A radio advertisement

What is any form of impersonal (one-way) paid communication in which the company is identified? A) Advertising B) Sales promotion C) Public relations D) Customer Service

A) Advertising

What are the four parts of an overall promotional mix? A) Advertising, Public Relations, Personal Selling and Sales Promotion B) Public Relations, Advertising, Personal Selling, Social Media C) Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling and Ads D) Advertising, Sales Promotion, Sweepstakes and Rebates

A) Advertising, Public Relations, Personal Selling and Sales Promotion

Which is an example of a sales promotion in the promotional marketing mix? A) All are correct B) Free bag with a fifty dollar purchase C) Coupons D) Sweepstakes

A) All are correct

Which is an example of mass communication? A) All are examples of mass communication B) Print C) Television D) Radio

A) All are examples of mass communication

Which of the following would a marketer do in order to get the consumer's attention? A) All of the answers are ways to get consumers' attention B) Use teaser ads C) Use large visual ads to get consumers to enter a shop D) Use the sense of smell to attract consumers to a food product

A) All of the answers are ways to get consumers' attention

Which of the following is an example of how a company would use advocacy advertising? A) An alcoholic beverage company ends its ads with the words Drive responsibly. B) A vehicle maker compares its products with the competition. C) A local car dealership spreads the word about its sponsorship of youth sports. D) A soda distributor compares its product with the competition. E) A shaving products company shows a customer survey that rates it as having the smoothest shave.

A) An alcoholic beverage company ends its ads with the words "Drive responsibly."

The AIDA concept explains the various stages that a consumer moves through when confronted with a promotional message. The acronym stands for: A) Attention, Interest, Desire, Action B) Action, Information, Desire, Action C) Awareness, Involvement, Desire, Action D) Awareness, Information, Desire, Action

A) Attention, Interest, Desire, Action

Sales promotion must be consistent with _____ to avoid confusing the consumer. A) Brand image B) Brand value C) Brand recognition D) Brand rejection

A) Brand image

Jane's company works in the IT sector and specializes in portable computers. She plans to hold a short workshop on how to use their computers, targeting the elderly population. What is this an example of? A) Consumer education B) Sponsorships C) Product placement D) Market segmentation

A) Consumer education

Rob's Toys wants to get customers to buy more of their items. They send out an email to their patrons that creates exclusivity for a specific toy for babies online. Which part of the AIDA model does this example represent? A) Desire B) Attention C) Action D) Interest

A) Desire

Comparing sales increase percentage before and after a promotional campaign is a part of the _____ process. A) Feedback B) Decoding C) Receiving D) Interpretation

A) Feedback

When should a company use competitive advertising? A) In the growth phase of the product when new competitors are entering the market. B) To maximize revenue when a product is in the decline phase. C) When it needs to defend itself from media attacks. D) To keep competitors away when it introduces a new product. E) When it introduces lower prices than its competitors.

A) In the growth phase of the product when new competitors are entering the market.

What is frequency in advertising? A) It is the number of times a consumer views a given ad message in a certain period. B) It is the amount of time a consumer is exposed to the ad at least once a month. C) It is how often the ad results in a sale. D) It is how often an ad is shown on television.

A) It is the number of times a consumer views a given ad message in a certain period.

How is brand switching utilized in a business? A) Persuading consumers to leave their current brand B) Reminding consumers why your product is better C) Reminding consumers about the competition D) Informing consumers about alternate products

A) Persuading consumers to leave their current brand

Lindsey's Liquor company uses free resources to educate customers on the dangers of drinking alcohol and driving. They allow consumers to take a free, online simulator test that depicts drunk driving to show the potential dangers. What part of the promotional mix is Lindsey's Liquor company using? A) Public relations B) Personal Sales C) Sales promotion D) Advertising

A) Public relations

A company that has made and sold ketchup for over 100 years would be best suited to have what type of promotional goal? A) Reminder B) Educate C) Persuade D) Compare

A) Reminder

The Pizza Plus Company decided to have their employees put pizza costumes on and sing in the middle of New York City. Which type of advertising choice did the company use? A) Stealth marketing B) Advertainment C) Relationship marketing D) Advergaming

A) Stealth marketing

What is the model that describes what happens when a customer receives a promotional message? A) The AIDA Model B) The PR model C) The HR Model D) The Distribution model

A) The AIDA Model

How can a sales force utilize an IMC message? A) They can focus on the same key promotional message that the advertising, sales promotion and public relations elements contain. B) They can hand out free samples of the product in malls to let the people try the product out. C) They can concentrate on the price of the product, and the demand from the end consumer. D) They can offer tremendous discounts on the price of the product in addition to promoting it. E) They can provide impressive presentations on the product, like TV commercials.

A) They can focus on the same key promotional message that the advertising, sales promotion and public relations elements contain.

The Janson Corporation has been open for less than a year. Why would it need to do an informative promotion? A) To convert a consumer's need into an interest for its new product B) To let the customer know they have been around for centuries C) All answers are correct. D) To make consumers choose one brand over the competition

A) To convert a consumer's need into an interest for its new product

Which of the following are examples of potential promotion goals for a marketing mix? A) To inform, persuade, and remind B) To inform, follow on social media, and distribute C) To buy, bargain, and remind D) To inform, persuade, and give discounts

A) To inform, persuade, and remind

Why do businesses use a promotional message when products are very well established? A) To remind consumers about the company B) To compare the product with its competitors C) To educate consumers about how the product is used D) To inform consumers about the new company

A) To remind consumers about the company

Advertisements can affect _____. A) all of these are correct B) consumers in that they will buy products that they do not need C) people's opinions on a product or service D) people's choice of who they will vote for in an election

A) all of these are correct

In the 4 P's of marketing, what is it called when money is allocated to specific channels? A) Personal selling B) Marketing budgeting C) Expenditures D) Sales promotion

B) Marketing budgeting

Fun Town has multiple days throughout the year where they donate a percentage of ticket sales to local charities. They also have days where they close the park down and invite youths from low-income families to enjoy the rides for free. What is this an example of? A) Personal selling B) Public relations C) Sales promotion D) Advertising

B) Public relations

Why are integrated marketing communication plans so important to marketers ? A) Most sales forces require them since they are more educated. B) They ensure consistency at every customer contact point with the message. C) It is not easy at all due to the lack of ideas and methods to attract the end consumer. D) The intellectual development of the end consumer has advanced. E) There are many options now for promotional messages using online social media, and alternative advertising methods.

B) They ensure consistency at every customer contact point with the message.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of CRM software for companies? A) Sell the most units at the highest price. B) Track customer interactions, identify preferences, and develop strategies to satisfy customer needs. C) Predict sales patterns for upcoming quarters. D) Determine potential new customers.

B) Track customer interactions, identify preferences, and develop strategies to satisfy customer needs.

In the world of public relations, goodwill refers to _____ A) offering medical benefits for employees and their families. B) creating a positive feeling associated with the company or its products. C) the funds your company pays to send out cards around the holidays. D) the retainer money a company pays for legal representation or other services they may need. D) a store where you can buy secondhand items.

B) creating a positive feeling associated with the company or its products.

Free samples are an effective sales promotion because they _____ A) catch the consumer off guard. B) lower perceived risk for purchasers. C) make the customer slow down while in the store. D) encourage the purchase of larger sizes. E) benefit retailers.

B) lower perceived risk for purchasers.

Jane's company works in the IT sector and specializes in portable computers. She plans to hold a short workshop on how to use their computers, targeting the elderly population. What is this an example of? A) Market segmentation B) Product placement C) Consumer education D) Sponsorships

C) Consumer education

Analyze the main goal of customer relationship marketing. A) Only focus on providing quality customer service to the 'best' customers. B) Make sure a company has all the supplies necessary to give perks to customers. C) Increase customer retention and maximize the effectiveness of marketing strategies. D) Give customers an opportunity to try the brand before committing to a purchase.

C) Increase customer retention and maximize the effectiveness of marketing strategies.

IMC is an acronym for _____ A) International Promotional Plan. B) Integrated Marketing Condition. C) Integrated Marketing Communications. E) International Marketing Consultant. D) Institutional Management Consultant.

C) Integrated Marketing Communications.

Which of these statements is TRUE? A) It's cheaper to win a new customer than to maintain a relationship with a current customer. B) It costs the same to keep a customer as it does to win a new customer. C) It's more expensive winning a new customer than keeping a current customer. D) Winning new customers always requires new technology and CRM software.

C) It's more expensive winning a new customer than keeping a current customer.

Evaluate what interferes, distorts, or changes the transmission of the informational message. A) Interpretation B) Encoding Process C) Noise D) Decoding Process

C) Noise

What are sales promotions often combined with to increase effectiveness? A) Product development B) Price strategies C) Other promotional activities D) Product placement strategies

C) Other promotional activities

Analyze the photo and determine which type of media advertising is shown. (BEER ON AIRPLANE) A) Advergaming B) Radio C) Outdoor D) TV

C) Outdoor

What part of the promotional mix allows a one-on-one relationship to develop between the consumer and company? A) Pricing B) Advertising C) Personal selling D) Sales promotion

C) Personal selling

Which of the following could be used to jump-start stagnant sales of a product? A) Push Advertising B) Slotting Allowances C) Push Money D) Pull Ordering E) Push Merchandising

C) Push Money

What is the purpose of using trade sales promotions rather than a pull strategy? A) Allow incentives for product exchanges. B) Create customer demand for products. C) Push products through the marketing channel. D) Reduce the amount of sale returns. E) Promote sales to other intermediaries.

C) Push products through the marketing channel.

Sugar Rush's most recent television commercial focuses on the company's new candy, called Jolt. Which part of the communication process does the advertising agency that developed the television commercial for Jolt fall into? A) Receiver B) Channel C) Sender D) Decoder

C) Sender

What is the main way marketers create a desire for their product? A) Post large visual ads and displays in stores B) Ask early adopters to create positive word of mouth C) Showcase the unique features and extras their product has D) Offer deep price discounts over close competitors

C) Showcase the unique features and extras their product has

What is Spiff? A) Sales people informational funds. B) Seasonal promotions in federal trade. C) Special promotional products incentive funds. D) Sales promotion incentive for first purchase. E) Store purchase in free funds.

C) Special promotional products incentive funds.

Which of the following best describes why sales promotions are effective before holidays ? A) Advertising rates are lower during these times B) People are already out shopping C) They offer a built-in deadline for the promotion D) People expect sales around the holidays E) Customers plan ahead and wait for holiday sales to make purchases

C) They offer a built-in deadline for the promotion

Which of these best describes the objective of sales promotion ? A) To allow consumers permanent discounted pricing B) They encourage consumers to choose one retailer as a preferred distributor C) To generate a short-term sales increase D) They reduce the amount of inventory on hand E) To build long run brand loyalty

C) To generate a short-term sales increase

Ashton Brothers is a marketing firm. They have over 40 employees, all of whom deal with clients on a daily basis. Why is it essential for Ashton Brothers to have an integrated marketing communication plan? A) To help each employee to make their own decisions B) To allow the customers to get a unique experience from each employee C) To make sure their message is consistent to every customer D) To help promote cheaper advertising costs

C) To make sure their message is consistent to every customer

_____ is an example of public relations. A) Running a cross-promotion discount on sales of your brand of cream cheese with the purchase of a complimentary bagel brand B) Calling existing customers to offer a discount on a new product C) Using social media to communicate with customers D) Offering a discount to a retailer buying your product in bulk E) A television commercial

C) Using social media to communicate with customers

Which is an example of sales promotion in the promotional marketing mix? A) When a company places a billboard with their slogan B) When a company promotes a new product C) When a company mails out a flyer for Black Friday with special coupons attached for customers D) When a company hires a new sales employee

C) When a company mails out a flyer for Black Friday with special coupons attached for customers

A billboard at a major intersection is an example of the _____ part of the communication process. A) sending B) receiving C) encoding D) decoding

C) encoding

The five functions of public relations are _____. A) promoting, selling, teaching, talking, and telling B) decrease dissonance, add value, reinforce beliefs, persuade, and remind C) sponsorship, consumer education, new product publicity, product placement, and the internet and social Media D) advertising, marketing, promotion, goodwill, and publicity E) listen, inform, persuade, remind, and reinforce

C) sponsorship, consumer education, new product publicity, product placement, and the internet and social Media

What is an early adopter? A) A consumer who writes reviews of products online. B) A product that goes out of favor quickly. C) A consumer who rushes out to buy every new product. D) An early customer of the product who provides feedback to other consumers.

D) An early customer of the product who provides feedback to other consumers.

In which part of the AIDA model, is it important for the target market to be aware a company's product exists? A) Action B) Interest C) Desire D) Attention

D) Attention

In _____ marketers grow customer relationships by using personalized services and identifying their most valuable customers, thus allowing the company to best determine targeted direct marketing strategies. A) PR B) HR C) AIDA D) CRM

D) CRM

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the public relations process? A) Evaluating public attitudes B) Identifying issues that may elicit public concern C) Executing programs and acceptance D) Creating promotional sales and awareness

D) Creating promotional sales and awareness

What does the acronym 'CRM' stand for in management and marketing? A) Consumer relationship marketing B) Centered representative marketing C) Customer referral marketing D) Customer relationship management

D) Customer relationship management

Which of the following is an example of a sales promotion? A) Warehouse club membership B) Word of mouth advertising C) Ads targeting the consumer D) Frequent flyer program

D) Frequent flyer program

Ross's Cleaner sells a multipurpose cleaning product. The company uses a promotion to describe the different uses for the product around the house and explains how their cleaner is better than the competitor's. Ross's Cleaner gives visual examples on television of how the product can be used. The company's product has no harmful chemicals and the promotion lets consumers know that important information. What is the goal of the Ross's Cleaner promotion? A) Brand switching B) Persuading C) Reminding D) Informing

D) Informing

In its most recent advertisements, the Wild Watch Company is promoting the company rather than an individual product. They talk about how their customer service is geared entirely to help consumers. Which type of advertising are they using? A) Comparative advertising B) Pioneering advertising C) Competitive advertising D) Institutional advertising

D) Institutional advertising

Analyze why marketers like to use sales promotion. A) It is a low-cost form of promotion. B) It is a stand-alone form of promotion. C) Consumers expect to see some kind of discount for most products. D) Its effects are easily measured.

D) Its effects are easily measured.

Harry owns a company that sells different types of hats for men. Harry's marketing team has decided to meet to discuss a new hat they have created. His team wants to discuss ways to promote their advertising message for their new product. What type of meeting did Harry and his team hold? A) Public relations planning B) Stealth marketing C) Financial planning D) Media planning

D) Media planning

The CEO of your company is invited to speak on CNN about your company's success. He is going to use this opportunity to advertise your new product, a computer that is more than 30% faster than the best computer currently sold on the market. What is this an example of? A) Unethical marketing behavior B) Product placement C) Negative publicity D) New product publicity

D) New product publicity

Which of the following would be the best example of a premium for a retailer selling pancake mix ? A) Reduced pricing on pancake mix for this week only B) Offering a rebate after purchase C) Building a stand alone display for the product D) Offering a free spatula with every purchase E) Offering free samples of pancakes

D) Offering a free spatula with every purchase

How is advertising described compared to public relations? A) More dynamic and interactive. B) More focused on generating goodwill. C) More focused on selling and product features. D) One-way, impersonal communication. E) Two-way, paid-for communication.

D) One-way, impersonal communication.

Which is an example of public relations (PR)? A) Advertising features of your product B) Selling your product to a customer C) Placing your product for sale on the internet D) Planning for your product to be used and discussed positively in an upcoming major movie

D) Planning for your product to be used and discussed positively in an upcoming major movie

Your company works on building bikes that are specialized for difficult terrain. A movie company has said they would like to feature your bikes in an upcoming movie. What is this an example of? A) Imaging B) Use of social media C) Positive marketing D) Product placement

D) Product placement

Examine the picture to help determine the type of promotional tool that is being used. (BOGO DEAL) A) Public Relations B) Free publicity C) Personal Selling D) Sales promotion

D) Sales promotion

The Total Tea Company is offering customers a free sample of their new peach tea when they purchase green tea packets online. Which type of promotion is the company using? A) PR B) Advertising C) Personal selling D) Sales promotion

D) Sales promotion

Which of the following is a reason to use newspapers for a media advertising campaign? A) It's nationally targeted B) Able to conduct ad stories C) Long time life of advertisement D) The large volume of copy the layout allows.

D) The large volume of copy the layout allows.

What would be an example of a sponsorship? A) A local pizza place pays for a soccer team's uniforms and gets their company name on the back of the t-shirt. B) A bank donates money for a local women's breast cancer race. C) A toy company pays for Santa Claus to visit local orphanages. D) These are all examples of sponsorships.

D) These are all examples of sponsorships.

What does a company use as a promotional goal that makes consumers choose one brand over its competition? A) They use humor to convince them to switch brands. B) They remind the consumer about their brand to make them switch brands. C) They educate the consumer to make them switch brands. D) They use persuasion to convince the consumer to switch brands.

D) They use persuasion to convince the consumer to switch brands.

What is a medium channel used for? A) To help human resources with employee pay B) To assist with public relation procedures C) To help with HR policies D) To communicate an advertising message.

D) To communicate an advertising message.

How do marketers get consumers who desire the product to take the final action step and buy? A) They can create a teaser ad for TV B) Do nothing since marketers have little control over this step C) They can offer a permanent lower price D) Use effective in store promotions and a price drop

D) Use effective in store promotions and a price drop

Advertising plays an integral role in _____. A) improving customer relations B) increasing the cost of the product C) offering consumers entertainment D) developing market share and sales

D) developing market share and sales

An example of advertising would be; _____. A) sponsoring a fall festival B) holding a press conference to address media concerns C) having a box of your spaghetti prominently displayed on a cooking show D) a free tutorial class to teach new customers how to use a smartphone E) a billboard for a new smartphone

E) a billboard for a new smartphone

A communication message is integrated when it _____. A) depends on competitive threats B) has the same spokesperson C) fits the theme D) changes depending upon sales forecasts E) is the same even if it's from a television ad, magazine article, or social media site

E) is the same even if it's from a television ad, magazine article, or social media site

What are the stages a customer deals with when confronted with a promotional message in marketing? A) SP B) AIDA C) PR D) CRM

B) AIDA

Doc's Tomato sauce gives a local grocery store an allowance to help pay for their next newspaper ad as long as Doc's is advertised on the front. What is this an example of? A) Merchandise Allowances B) Cooperative Advertising C) Cross-Promotion D) Push Money E) Retailer Preference

B) Cooperative Advertising

What type of advertising is used to improve a company's image? A) Competitive B) Institutional C) Comparative D) Pioneering E) Product

B) Institutional

IMC is an acronym for _____ A) International Promotional Plan. B) Integrated Marketing Communications. C) Integrated Marketing Condition. D) Institutional Management Consultant. E) International Marketing Consultant.

B) Integrated Marketing Communications.

Which of the following best describes advergaming? A) It is when companies create a game for their product. B) It is advertising in video games. C) It is when a product is placed in a movie. D) It is advertising in outdoor games.

B) It is advertising in video games.

What is the advertising response function? A) It is when a consumer is convinced to buy a product and make the purchase. B) It is when advertising increases sales to a certain market share, but then results in diminishing results. C) It is when consumers are educated about a product or service, but do not make the purchase. D) It is when a target market buys the product, but then results in diminishing results.

B) It is when advertising increases sales to a certain market share, but then results in diminishing results.

What is the advertising response function? A) It is when consumers are educated about a product or service, but do not make the purchase. B) It is when advertising increases sales to a certain market share, but then results in diminishing results. C) It is when a consumer is convinced to buy a product and make the purchase. D) It is when a target market buys the product, but then results in diminishing results.

B) It is when advertising increases sales to a certain market share, but then results in diminishing results.

Lisa is opening up her own hair care line. She wants to start from scratch. She decides to create a marketing plan to help her get started with a promotional strategy. What should the marketing plan's main focus be? A) Where Lisa will distribute the product B) Lisa's target market C) How much it will cost D) Salaries for Lisa's employees

B) Lisa's target market

The Beachwear Company has decided to help out an individual who's house has been destroyed by a hurricane. Beachwear is working with another organization to help build the person a house. Which promotional strategy is the company utilizing? A) Personal sales B) Public relations C) Sales promotion D) Advertising

B) Public relations

Assess the primary goal of sales promotion. A) To strengthen brand loyalty. B) To stimulate immediate sales. C) To provide product information. D) To entertain the customer.

B) To stimulate immediate sales.

Which type of persuading is done when a company compares their product with a competitor's product? A) Informing B) Reminding C) Brand switching D) Educating

C) Brand switching

A business offers a special buying allowance for orders placed at a trade show. This ensures which of the following? A) Bulk orders receive special shipping discounts. B) The retailer is given an allowance if a certain number of customers buy the product. C) A retailer places a large order so they have plenty of the products in inventory. D) Buyers are allowed to return a percentage of products if unsold. E) A retailer is able to budget for the next product order.

C) A retailer places a large order so they have plenty of the products in inventory.

If a product such as allergy medicine is advertised only during fall and spring allergy months, what type of media schedule would it be? A) A normal schedule B) A flighted schedule C) A seasonal schedule D) A continuous schedule

C) A seasonal schedule

Assess the four parts of the promotional mix. A) Advertising, pricing, product and promotion B) Advertising, promotion, coupons and billboards C) Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion D) Coupons, billboards, sales contests and giveaways

C) Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion

Why is public relations (PR) critical in the promotional mix? A) It helps execute different programs B) It evaluates public attitudes C) All answers are correct D) It helps find issues that are a public concern

C) All answers are correct

A baker uses different ways to advertise his company. He has an advertisement on a commercial; he utilizes a big billboard to attract customers; there is a person outside of his store dressed up with a sign promoting his products; and he even keeps doors and windows open so customers can smell the aroma of his baked goods. Which form of consumer awareness is the baker using? A) Action B) Sales C) Attention D) Interest

C) Attention

Which of the following is the type of media schedule where company runs ads in heavy rotation once a month and then had the ad frequency drop? A) A continuous media schedule B) A reach media schedule C) A frequency media schedule D) A flighted media schedule

D) A flighted media schedule

Which of the following is an example of CRM? A) Offering a no-questions-asked return policy. B) Making sure your company is well-known for your return and exchange policy. C) A barista adding whipped cream to a customer's drink around holiday time as a nice gesture. D) A hotel and casino keeping a log of hours played and money gambled and offering free rooms in exchange for higher levels of play. E) Free chips and salsa at a Mexican food restaurant.

D) A hotel and casino keeping a log of hours played and money gambled and offering free rooms in exchange for higher levels of play.

Marco is launching a new coffee shop in his city and he asks you for advice regarding his advertising campaign. What would you say to Marco? A) There is no need to advertise his shop because coffee shops are always needed. B) There is no need to advertise his shop because new shops typically attract customer attention. C) Establish a small advertising budget to help create customer awareness and increase sales. D) Allow for a large advertising budget to help create customer awareness and increase sales.

D) Allow for a large advertising budget to help create customer awareness and increase sales.

When a company's spending for advertising increases their sales up to a certain market share, but then the company receives a drop in sales due to diminishing returns this is called _____. A) Stealth marketing B) Marketing distribution C) Financial planning D) An advertising response function

D) An advertising response function

How would Carla's Clothing implement IMC in her sales promotions ? A) By having her sales people use traditional techniques and stress closing B) By having a friend create original radio ads C) By creating original and eye-catching store displays D) By designing a billboard that will be located on a busy commuter route E) By ensuring her store displays have the same image and theme as her TV advertising

E) By ensuring her store displays have the same image and theme as her TV advertising

What type of advertising is shown in this image? ( 7 OUT OF 10 AMERICANS LOVE THIS PRODUCT...) A) Correlative B) Humor C) Institutional D) Advocacy E) Comparative

E) Comparative

Which of these is the best example of cross-promotion ? A) Advertising pop or soda where juice companies normally place ads B) A pop or soda distributor offers cost reductions to retailers C) Advertising the product on both radio and TV. D) Placing point-of-purchase displays for the product in two areas of a retail outlet E) Offering a coupon for discounted chips with every pop or soda purchase

E) Offering a coupon for discounted chips with every pop or soda purchase

What are the three types of product advertising? A) Pioneering, advocacy, and competitive. B) Institutional, comparative, and advocacy. C) Advocacy, comparative, and competitive. D) Pioneering, institutional, and competitive. E) Pioneering, comparative, and competitive.

E) Pioneering, comparative, and competitive.