Chapter 10: motivation and emotion

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. A. dysphoria B. habit C. instinct D. motivation

D. motivation wants and needs

Which of the following are good examples of the security level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. confidence and accomplishment B. food and shelter C. friends and family D. safety and employment

D. safety and employment

If you believe you will win the hot dog eating competition, then you have a sense of ________, and you are more likely to enter the hot dog eating competition. A. extrinsic motivation B. fulfillment C. instinct D. self-efficacy

D. self-efficacy Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in her own capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task. Albert Bandura (1994) theorized that an individual's sense of self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in motivating behavior.

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. A. a habit B. a motivation C. an instinct D. homeostasis

A. a habit is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. Once we have engaged in a behavior that successfully reduces a drive, we are more likely to engage in that behavior whenever faced with that drive in the future

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list. A. achievement B. ambition C. intimacy D. power

A. achievement

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________. A. anorexia B. bulimia C. high metabolism D. Prader-Willi syndrome

A. anorexia

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior? A. attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do B. behaving to avoid being punished C. misbehaving in order to get attention D. working at a job you hate in order to afford school

A. attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do intrinsic= internal motivation

In the following sentence, identify the intrinsic motivation. Leela, age 16, attends free lectures at the community college because she loves to learn, she visits her grandmother to hear about her mother's childhood, and she cooks dinner and cleans the house once a week to earn her allowance. A. attending free lectures because she loves to learn B. cleaning the house to earn her allowance C. cooking dinner to earn her allowance D. visiting her grandmother to hear about her mother's childhood

A. attending free lectures because she loves to learn

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to________ needs to self-actualization. A. biological; social B. social; imaginary C. special; biological D. special; imaginary

A. biological; social Abraham Maslow (1943) proposed a hierarchy of needs that spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social. These needs are often depicted as a pyramid

Which of the following is the best example of a habit? A. chewing on your hair to relieve stress B. spontaneously stopping to get a milkshake on the way home from work C. surprising your grandmother with a visit on Saturday D. unexpectedly running into your friend at the supermarket

A. chewing on your hair to relieve stress is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. Once we have engaged in a behavior that successfully reduces a drive, we are more likely to engage in that behavior whenever faced with that drive in the future

Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis. A. drive B. feedback C. James-Lange D. motivational

A. drive According to the drive theory of motivation, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis.

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A. esteem B. physiological C. security D. self-actualization

A. esteem

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy? A. Judd does not believe he is good at math. B. Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school. C. Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities. D. Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments.

B. Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.

Anasophia binges on chocolates then induces vomiting and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa. A. anorexia B. bulimia C. leptin deficiency D. Prader-Willi

B. bulimia bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed. Purging the food by inducing vomiting or through the use of laxatives are two common compensatory behaviors

A(n) ________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n)________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. A. dysphoria; dysmorphia B. emotion; mood C. mood; emotion D. orientation; hormone

B. emotion; mood Emotions are often thought to be consciously experienced and intentional. Mood, on the other hand, refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. Mood states may not be consciously recognized and do not carry the intentionality that is associated with emotion

Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation. A. emotion B. extrinsic C. habit D. intrinsic

B. extrinsic - compensation - reward - punishment

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________. A. cognitive mediational theory B. facial feedback hypothesis C. James-Lange theory of emotion D. set point theory

B. facial feedback hypothesis asserts that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions, meaning that smiling can make you feel happier

Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. confidence and accomplishment B. family and friendship C. self-actualization and esteem D. water and warmth

B. family and friendship

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. A. alignment B. homeostasis C. locus D. neutral

B. homeostasis

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe? A. We become accustomed to boredom and learn to enjoy it. B. We become accustomed to excitement and learn to enjoy it. C. When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace. D. When we are sleepy we should sleep; when we are hungry we should eat.

C. When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace. It is also believed that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories; this is called arousal theory

An infant sucking is a good example of a(n) ________. A. emotion B. habit C. instinct D. mood

C. instinct From a biological perspective, an instinct is a species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned.

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A. acceptance B. emotional C. physiological D. social

C. physiological

Amy is a woman who feels emotional and sexual attraction for other women but not towards men. Amy is ________. A. bisexual B. heterosexual C. homeostasis D. homosexual

D. homosexual

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do. Cici becomes a foster parent because of________ motivation. A. extra B. extrinsic C. instinct D. intrinsic

D. intrinsic intrinsic (arising from internal factors) - autonomy (self-rule, self-government) - mastery - Purpose