Chapter 10 Practice Test
The level of cyclins in a cell increases during the M phase of the cell cycle. What might happen to a cell if no cyclins were present during the M phase?
A cell that lacked cyclins would probably not undergo mitotic division, and then it would continue to grow, have DNA overload, and exchange materials inefficiently until it dies.
_______ is a disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth and division.
Cancer
Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. How would you expect cancer cells to behave in this situation?
Cancer cells are not constrained by crowding and would probably continue to grow after forming a thin layer covering the bottom of the petri dish.
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?
Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that control the growth of normal cells. As a result, cancer cells form tumors and can spread throughout the body.
Which of the following is NOT a way that cell division solves the problems of cell growth?
Cell division increases the mass of the original cell.
Describe how a plant cell produces a new cell wall during cytokinesis.
During cytokinesis, a cell plate forms in the cytoplasm midway between each new nucleus. The cell plate gradually develops into a separating membrane, and a cell wall begins to appear in the cell plate.
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
How does cell division solve the problems of excessive cell growth?
Each of the two daughter cells that result from cell division has its own copy of the parental DNA as well as a reduced volume.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
It helps separate the chromosomes.
In all forms of ____________________, the cancerous cells fail to respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle of most cells.
cancer
Lack of control over _______ is the cause of all cancers.
cell cycle
The two main stages of cell division are called
cytokinesis and mitosis.
A cell's chromosomes are replicated during ______.
interphase.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
metaphase
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble
moving needed materials in and waste products out.
Cancer affects
multicellular organisms.
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
only during cell division
The first phase of mitosis is called
prophase
The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell depends on the cell's
volume
As a cell becomes larger, its
volume increases faster than its surface area.
A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have ____________________ chromatids in the G2 phase.
10
If the surface area of a cell increases 100 times, its volume increases about
1000 times
If it takes a cell one hour to undergo mitosis, about ______ of the time would be spent in prophase.
30-36 minutes
An imaginary cubic cell with a side length of 10 mm would have a ratio of surface area to volume of _______.
6:10
The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is ____________________.
92
What happens when cells come into contact with other cells?
They stop growing.
One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
a cell plate.
What is a tumor?
a mass of cancer cells
A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to
accumulate chromosomal damage.
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
four chromosomes.
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
growth rate.
If a cell's DNA were not copied before cell division, the cell could
have a DNA overload.
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle based on events inside the cell are called ____________________ regulators.
internal
Together, the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase are called ____________________.
interphase
If a normal cell divides, you can assume that
it has grown to its full size.
The _______ a cell is, the more difficult it is for the cell to move enough materials across its cell membrane.
larger
The process shown in Figure 10-3 occurs only in ____________________ cells that have just divided.
plant
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
prophase
During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 10-2 visible?
prophase and metaphase
Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
regulate the cell cycle.
The structures labeled B in Figure 10-2 are called
sister chromatids.
During metaphase, each chromosome is connected to a(an) _________________________ at its centromere.
spindle fiber
Normal cells __________ when they come into contact with other cells.
stop growing
A cell splits into two daughter cells during ______.
telophase.
All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT
excess oxygen.
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
tumors
Most of a cell's growth takes place during the _______ phase of the cell cycle.
G1
Which are the phases in cell cycle?
G1 phase, M phase, G2 phase
Another name for cell division is the ____________________ phase.
M
What effect does cell size have on a cell's ability to efficiently carry out its activities?
A large cell carries out its activities less efficiently than a small one does.
How might you test the effects of cell size on the extent of diffusion?
Any method of comparing the extent of diffusion into a small cube and a large cube or into a small sphere and a large sphere will work.
List two problems that growth causes for cells.
As a cell grows larger, more demands are placed on its DNA, and the cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.
Distinguish between chromatids and chromatin.
Chromatids are two identical DNA strands joined by a centromere, and chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes.
Identify a factor that can stop cells from growing.
Contact with other cells can stop cell growth.
Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
Contact with other cells stops cell growth.
Name two factors that help regulate the timing of the cell cycle.
Contact with other cells, cyclins, growth factors, and any other internal or external regulators
The division of the cytoplasm during cell division.
Cytokinesis
Cell division is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter
D.
As a cell's size increases, it places more demands on its ____.
DNA.
As a cell's size increases, its ratio of surface area to volume ______.
Decreases.
Chromosomes with two identical sister chromatids held together
Replicated chromosomes
When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?
S phase
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
The cell grows during the G2 phase.
Which event occurs during interphase?
The cell grows.
What effect do the cells surrounding a normal cell have on the cell's growth and division?
The cells surrounding the cell can stop it from growing and dividing.
A scientist suspects that a given cell is cancerous even though it has not yet formed a tumor. How might the scientist test the cell to see if it is cancerous?
The scientist could culture the cell in a petri dish and see if it responds to the signals that normally regulate the cell cycle. Alternatively, the scientist could test the cell's DNA to see if it has a normal copy of the p53 gene.
Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?
When cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing, the controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off, cell division can be regulated by factors outside the cell
Which pair is correct? a. G1 phase, DNA replication c. S phase, cell division b. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis d.M phase, cell growth
b. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called _________________________.
cell division
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
cell division.
The structure labeled A in Figure 10-3 is called the _________________________.
cell plate
The structure labeled A in Figure 10-2 is called the
centromere
Which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing?
contact with other cells
Proteins called ______ help regulate the cell cycle.
cyclins
Proteins called ____________________ regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
cyclins
Which of the following is an internal regulator of the cell cycle?
cyclins
In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
cyclins.
Before a normal cell becomes too large to carry out normal activities, it will usually divide to form two ____________________ cells.
daughter
If a normal cell is touched on all sides by other cells and is injected with cyclin from a dividing cell, it probably will ____________________.
divide.
When cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in interphase, the second cell
enters mitosis.
What regulates the cell cycle?
growth factors, p53, cyclins
The larger a cell becomes, the ____________________ efficiently it is able to function.
less
As a cell grows, it
places more demands on its DNA, uses up food and oxygen more quickly, and has more trouble moving enough materials across its cell membrane.
What is the proper sequence of the phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is______.
prophase.
Cell division solves the problem of cell growth by _______ cell volume.
reducing
The cell cycle is the
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
