Chapter 10 Quiz

Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?

A teenager keeps his room clean because his parents appreciate it.

Erik Erikson is credited with developing the psychosexual stages of development.

False

According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego?

It stands for rational ways of coping with frustration.

_________ can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Personality

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

The Id

Gender-typing is the process by which males and females come to develop personality traits and behavior patterns that society considers to be consistent with their gender.

True

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of an objective test that presents respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire.

True

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers focused on the self-concept and self-esteem, or self-regard.

True

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _________.

Western cultural prejudice

The Electra complex involves __________.

a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother

According to psychodynamic theory, people who have a strong need for order might be considered _________ while those who are careless and messy as _________.

anal fixation; anal expulsive

Freud believed that a major instinct, __________, aims to preserve and perpetuate life.

eros

Identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model.

extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

humanistic theorists

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development?

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called __________.

self-actualization

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes __________.

self-awareness

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

social relationships

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __________ functions according to the moral principle.

superego

Erikson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of __________.

trust versus mistrust

__________ are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior.

Traits

Self-awareness is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory.

False

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.

False

The __________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.

unconscious

When Jacob was a little boy he loved wearing his big sister's pink shoes. However, once he started kindergarten he stopped wearing them on the first day. This is best explained by which of the following?

gender-schema theory