Chapter 10 Quiz
Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?
A teenager keeps his room clean because his parents appreciate it.
Erik Erikson is credited with developing the psychosexual stages of development.
False
According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego?
It stands for rational ways of coping with frustration.
_________ can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.
Personality
Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?
The Id
Gender-typing is the process by which males and females come to develop personality traits and behavior patterns that society considers to be consistent with their gender.
True
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of an objective test that presents respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire.
True
The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers focused on the self-concept and self-esteem, or self-regard.
True
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _________.
Western cultural prejudice
The Electra complex involves __________.
a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother
According to psychodynamic theory, people who have a strong need for order might be considered _________ while those who are careless and messy as _________.
anal fixation; anal expulsive
Freud believed that a major instinct, __________, aims to preserve and perpetuate life.
eros
Identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model.
extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness
Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?
humanistic theorists
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development?
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called __________.
self-actualization
Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes __________.
self-awareness
Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?
social relationships
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __________ functions according to the moral principle.
superego
Erikson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of __________.
trust versus mistrust
__________ are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior.
Traits
Self-awareness is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory.
False
The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.
False
The __________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.
unconscious
When Jacob was a little boy he loved wearing his big sister's pink shoes. However, once he started kindergarten he stopped wearing them on the first day. This is best explained by which of the following?
gender-schema theory
