Chapter 10 quiz

Which statement is about the molecular clock is false?

Clock and Cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again

What is the significance of the finding that the isolated brain exhibits signs of alternating between wakefulness, SWS, and REM sleep?

It showed that the systems for controlling sleep are located in the brain

How do dolphins sleep if they must regularly come to the water's surface to breathe?

Only one brain hemisphere sleeps at a time

A scientist wants to conduct a study in which an animal brain is transected but REM sleep could continue to be measured in the cerebral cortex. Which region must remain connected to the cortex?

Pons

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in __ sleep just before awakening

REM

The large proportion of __ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation

REM

In the U.S., evidence that daylight affects human circadian rhythms is supported by the observation that even though everyone's time keepers (clocks, phone) report the same time, people in the western part of the time zone go to bed _______ people in the in eastern part of the time zone.

a bit later than

When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are

a little more than 24 hours long

Destruction of the SCN __ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion

abolishes

People diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except

an abundance of REM sleep

Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate

awakening

Electrical stimulation of the __ can induce SWS activity

basal forebrain

Many people with narcolepsy also exhibit __, in which muscle tone is suddenly lost without loss of __

cataplexy; consciousness

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is especially prominent during the __ of a night's sleep

initial half

If SCN neurons are transplanted from animal A to animal B, and animal B previously had its SCN lesioned, animal B's rhythmicity will

match animal A's rhythm

The isolated forebrain preparation involves a cut through the

midbrain

Frightening dreams associated with stage 3 sleep are called

night terrors

In an experiment with hamsters, if a light with a timer is adjusted so that the light switches on and off 6 hours earlier than the animals are used to, they will show

phase shift

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

pineal gland

REM behavior disorder (RBD) may be reduced by drugs that

reduce anxiety

Infant sleep is characterized by __ sleep cycles than those of adults, which proportionally more __ sleep.

shorter; REM

Dreams experienced during REM sleep are characterized by

vague visual imagery

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in __ in general, and in both men and women in __

women; the later stages of life

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

zeitgeber

The stimulus (usually the light-dark cycle) that entrains circadian rhythms is called a(n)

zeitgeber