Chapter 10 quiz

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________. A mastoid process of the temporal bone B platysma C sternum D clavicle

A

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? A to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus B to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally C to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi D to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

A

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? A the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction B the length C the number of neurons innervating it D the shape

A

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? A The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. B The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively. C The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. D The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

A

Which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles? A flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall B extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite sides C elevate and adduct scapula in synergy with superior fibers of trapezius D pull ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage

A

First-class levers ________. A. are typified by tweezers or forceps B. in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific C. have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle D. are used when standing on tip-toe

B

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common? A All names indicate the relative size of the muscle. B All act on the tongue. C All names reflect direction of muscle fibers. D Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.

B

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles? A An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon. B An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides. C An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon. D An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side.

B

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? A first-class lever B second-class lever C third-class lever D fourth-class lever

C

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris? A It draws the eyebrows together. B It pulls the lower lip down and back. C It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. D It closes the eye.

C

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles? A They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing. B They are often called strap muscles. C They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity. D They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.

C

If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the ________. A lever system is useless B load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum C effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum D load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

D

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions? A the flexor digitorum profundus B the triceps brachii C the anconeus D the brachioradialis

D

The ________ extends the great toe. A gastrocneumius B tibialis anterior C fibularis (peroneous)tertius D extensor hallucis longus

D

What is the major factor controlling how levers work? A the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever B the direction the load is being moved C the weight of the load D the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

D

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop? A extensor hallucis longus B fibularis tertius C tibialis anterior D extensor digitorum longus

D

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. True False

False

Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists. True False

False

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction. True False

False

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________. extension flexion abduction adduction

Flexion

Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstrings? semimembranosus gracilis biceps femoris semitendinosus

Gracilis

A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever. True False

True

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing. True False

True

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used. True False

True

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles. True False

True

Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle. True False

True

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction. True False

True

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. True False

True

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech. True False

True

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True False

True

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. True False

True

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi. True False

True

The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek and is well developed in nursing infants. True False

True

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest tendon in the body. True False

True

The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration. True False

True

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone. True False

True

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones. True False

True

The soleus is an antagonist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. True False

True

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh at the hip? tibialis posterior adductor magnus vastus lateralis gluteus maximus

adductor magnus

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? a synergist an agonist (prime mover) a fixator an antagonist

agonist

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. fixator synergist agonist (prime mover) antagonist

antagonist

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called? platysma masseter zygomaticus buccinator

buccinator

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing. risorius buccinator mentalis orbicularis oris

buccinator

The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique. rectus abdominis external oblique latissimus dorsi transversus abdominis

external oblique

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. True False

false

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead? the temporalis the medial pterygoid the zygomaticus major the frontal belly of the epicranius

frontal belly

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon? the semitendinosus the tibialis anterior the gastrocnemius the sartorius

gastrocnemius

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use? orbicularis oris genioglossus hyoglossus stylohyoid

genioglossus

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? gluteal muscles soleus hamstring muscles brachioradialis

hamstring

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________. sprain hernia pulled muscle hyperextension

hernia

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? biceps femoris iliopsoas and rectus femoris vastus medialis soleus

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly? rectus abdominis and diaphragm external intercostals and diaphragm diaphragm alone internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process? diaphragm latissimus dorsi external intercostal internal intercostal

latissimus dorsi

Which of the following muscles is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? supraspinatus teres minor subscapularis levator scapulae

levator scapulae

The ________ is the main chewing muscle. buccinator masseter lateral pterygoid hyoglossus

masseter

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror. mentalis platysma sternohyoid sternocleidomastoid

platysma

Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion? flexor digitorum longus gastrocnemius and soleus popliteus tibialis posterior

popliteus

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? power levers functional levers dysfunctional levers speed levers

power levers

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. rectus abdominis gastrocnemius quadriceps femoris gluteus maximus

quadriceps femoris

Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? transversus abdominis external oblique internal oblique rectus abdominis

rectus abdominus

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________. semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris rectus femoris

rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position? the quadriceps femoris the sartorius the gastrocnemius all of the hamstrings

sartorius

The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle." serratus anterior biceps brachii rectus abdominis flexor digitorum longus

serrates anterior

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a synergist an antagonist a prime mover an agonist

synergist

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus. supraspinatus teres minor infraspinatus teres major

teres major

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs? hamstrings thigh adductors quadriceps lateral rotators

thigh adductors

Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever

third class

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? fibularis (peroneus) longus fibularis (peroneus) tertius tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus

tibialis anterior

________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint. Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Triceps brachii

triceps brachii

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True False

true

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles? muscle location the type of action they cause muscle shape the type of muscle fibers

type of muscle fibers

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed? the vastus medialis rectus femoris the vastus intermedius the vastus lateralis

vastus lateralis

Which of the following muscles is used to form a smile? zygomaticus major orbicularis oris corrugator supercilli mentalis

zygomaticus