Intro to environmental Exam 3

Which of the following is an anthropogenic source of acid deposition?

Gasoline engine emissions from automobiles

Which of these statements is the most true?

Global warming causes climate change.

Which of the following is an advantage or urbanization?

Greater efficiency

Which of the following is an indicator of eutrophication?

Green, cloudy water from phytoplankton and algae growth.

Which is not one of the three pillars of sustainability

Industrial

Which Revolution led to a drastically increased amount of chemicals and sewage being dumped into rivers?

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following is not a type of water pollution?

Molecular Oxygen

The introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry happened during the

Neolithic Revolution.

In which of the following regions would we most expect to find photochemical smog?

On a busy highway at 8:30AM

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant in the troposphere but a beneficial component in the stratosphere?

Ozone

Which of the following is not a potential problem of GMOs?

Pharmaceutical crops

Which of the following best illustrates a point source of pollution?

Raw sewage released into a river fom a wastewater treatment plant

Most of the public health impacts from air pollution are the result of

continuous exposure to many pollutants.

A lake that averages 20 feet of water depth experiences extreme eutrophication. In this lake, we would expect to find

dead fish, low numbers of living fish, low oxygen levels, and very cloudy water.

A new gravel road is cut into the side of a mountain just north of Anchorage, Alaska. As the snow melts in June, the fine gravel and sediments of the disturbed region quickly tumbles into the bottom of nearby streams and shades out light. The addition of this fine gravel and sand changes the stream by

decreasing the number of plants and animals that live there.

A human source of greenhouse gases is/are

factories.

Ice cores show a strong relationship between temperatures and

greenhouse gases.

Stratospheric ozone protects Earth's surface from

harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The particles created through photochemical breakdown that oxidize many gaseous pollutants are

hydroxyl radicals.

Cattle production in the United States and other developed nations involves the use of CAFOs. This practice of raising animals for food has caused all of the following except

improvements in water quality.

Acid precipitation has a pH

less than 5.5.

The water conditions in an oligotrophic lake reveal a body of water that most likely has

low levels of nutrients and high levels of oxygen.

Reducing the world consumption of ______ would reduce greenhouse gas emission, water usage, and increase food for human consumption.

meat

Global warming is raising sea levels because of

melting ice and thermal expansion.

Secondary air pollutants are formed by

primary pollutants reacting with other compounds in the atmosphere.

Pollutants in the lower troposphere are typically

removed within hours or days.

Although the Green Revolution has greatly reduced world hunger and malnutrition, it has also

required high levels of increasingly expensive fertilizer and pesticides.

Pollutants in the stratosphere are typically

resistant to cleansing.

An example of a secondary air pollutant is

sulfuric acid.

Sediments move in the water by

suspended and bed loads.

Ocean circulation is caused by changes in

temperature and salinity.

A temperature inversion occurs when

the air near the ground is cooler than the air directly above it.

About 150 years ago, agriculture underwent a revolution due to

the industrial revolution, which brought changes in agricultural technology.

Which disease causes a loss of $2.65 billion because of CAFOs?

Salmonella

Climate is controlled by

All of these

Which of the following describes weather?

A rainfall during a Spring afternoon.

In order to prevent diseases transmitted by water,

All of these

Increasing the size of urban area leads to

All of these

The global food crisis was caused by

All of these

We can observe climate change happening through direct measurements of

All of these

Which of these is an example of radiative forcing?

All of these

Which of the following methods of fighting eutrophication will not increase sunlight to the bottom of a pond and protect aquatic organisms?

Applying herbicides

In which of the following regions would we most expect to find industrial smog?

Around an industrial town that burns coal to generate electricity and make steel

What do wastewater treatment facilities primarily depend upon for the breakdown of pathogenic organisms and organic materials in wastewater?

Bacterial decomposers and detritus feeders

The increasing abundance of mercury in larger fish is an example of

Biomagnification

Which of the following is not a source of natural air pollution?

Car exhaust

1/3 of what crop in the U.S. is devoted to ethanol production for biofuels?

Corn

Which of the following wastewater pollutants is removed during primary treatment?

Debris and Grit

Which of the following wastewater pollutants is removed during secondary treatment?

Dissolved Organic Matter

We eat food to gain

Energy and nutrients

Which of the following U.S. national parks would be mostly eliminated by a 1-meter rise in sea level?

Everglades National Park

Which one of the following represents a way to reduce point-source pollution contributing to cultural eutrophication?

Remove nutrients from sewage-treatment discharge pipes

Which of the following is a disadvantage or urbanization?

Risks to public health

Which one of the following best illustrates a nonpoint source of pollution?

Storm-water drainage from the parking lot around a football stadium

Why are organic foods more expensive than conventional foods?

Subsidies are given to conventional farmers.

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of GMOs?

Super weeds

What is the main source of energy driving natural processes on Earth's surface?

The sun

The vast majority of scientists studying Earth's climate agree human activities are causing global warming.

True

Which of the follow does not describe subsistence farming?

Uses many modern agricultural practices

For more than 20 years, scientists have been analyzing expected climate change and the impact on crops grown in particular regions. For example, states that typically plant corn and soybeans may need to switch to growing cotton, which is more tolerant of higher temperatures. Such a change is an example of

adaptation.

If you live in the United States, chances are that you have consumed some processed food that includes bioengineered (GMO) ingredients

almost every day

Based on radiative forcing values (W/m2), __________ is responsible for most human-related radiative forcing

carbon dioxide

An example of a primary air pollutant is

carbon monoxide.

Most of the successful urban plans that have made cities more livable and sustainable have incorporated

the use of renewable energy and the recycling of all wastes.

Sediments act as water pollutants because

they reduce light penetration.

High concentrations of nutrients become pollutants because

they stimulate undesirable plant growth.

Most of the weather in the world is based upon changes in the moisture, pressure, and/or temperature of the

troposphere.

The lower atmosphere where our weather, water vapor, and clouds occur is called the

troposphere.

A natural source of greenhouses gases is/are

volcanoes

Urban sprawl has resulted in

wildlife habitat fragmentation and environmental degradation.

Are plants more susceptible to air pollution than humans?

yes