Chapter 10 SB

Place the steps of force-field analysis in order, with the first step at the top.

1. Identify the thrusters and counterthrusters 2. remove the negative forces 3. Increase positive forces if necessary

The company Tonya works for has been eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______.

a climate of mistrust

Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______.

a personality conflict

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture.

an accepted part of

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.

being open and honest about changes

Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______.

celebrates failure as an important part of fostering innovation

The person who is a catalyst in helping an organization change is the ______.

change agent

Leadership style, personality, tactfulness, and sense of timing are all ______ characteristics that can contribute to employee resistance to change.

change-agent

An employee's individual differences, perceptions of change, and actions and inactions make up that employee's ______.

characteristics

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change.

reactive

For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system.

reinforce

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?

Employee characteristics Change agent characteristics

The productive potential of a company's employees' knowledge, experience, and actions is known as its ______ capital.

human

The systems model of change consists of three parts: inputs, target elements of change, and outputs.

true

Place the stages of Lewin's model of change in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom.

1. unfreezing 2. changing 3. refrezzing

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Organizational ______ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.

development

The introduction of the DVD-by-mail business model by Netflix changed the video rental business and caused the demise of Blockbuster Video. This is an example of ______.

disruptive innovation

Improvement innovations refer to the invention of breakthrough products or services that don't exist yet and that are aimed at creating brand-new markets and customers.

false

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the Marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.

peer pressure

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______.

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.

self-affirmations

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achieving the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

senior leaders

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon.

speed

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.

supertrends

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______.

technology

Jane is planning to implement the same work scheduling system in the accounting department that her company uses in the retail division. Which type of change does this represent?

Adaptive change

Which of the following should organizational structure and internal processes foster to help promote innovation?

Agility Cross-functional communication Collaboration

Which statement about human capital and innovation is true?

Certain employee characteristics, such as intrinsic motivation and creativity, are positively associated with innovation.

Which changes are most likely to result in employee resistance?

Changes that are introduced in an insensitive manner

Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? (Choose every correct answer.)

Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true?

Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

Which of the following is a tactic increasingly used by companies to help them innovate and involves soliciting contributions from many people, often via the Internet, in order to collect needed services, ideas, or content?

Crowdsourcing

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

Demographic characteristics

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Disruption of group relationships

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?

Education

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

Which of the following are among the seven components of fostering innovation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Establishing the required structure and processes Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Getting commitment from top managers Creating an innovation strategy

True or false: An employee's personal adaptability plays a relatively insignificant role in his or her resistance to change.

False

True or false: Organizational development is used to hire new executives.

False

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?

Fear of failure

Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change?

Fears about job security The potential for loss of status

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

What are the parts of a systems model of change? (Choose every correct answer.)

Inputs Target elements of change Outputs

Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

Which statements about openness to change are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

It is an example of an important career readiness competency. It is critical for the success of organizational change. It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee.

Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change? (Choose every correct answer.)

Job satisfaction Continuous learning

Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? (Choose every correct answer.)

Loss of status or job security Peer pressure Fear of the unknown

Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans have become more aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. This exemplifies which force for change outside the organization?

Market changes

Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Peer pressure

What are the target elements of change? (Choose every correct answer.)

People Methods Organizational arrangements Social factors

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? pt2

Personality conflicts

What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion?

Practice self-kindness. Remember you are not alone. Engage in mindfulness meditation.

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive change in an organization?

Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization

Which statements about rewards and innovation goals are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. Extrinsic rewards need to be tied to creativity and innovation.

Tameka's company is introducing a new invoicing and billing system. As Tameka is presenting the new system to the accounting team, she is careful to explain why the changes are important. By the time she is done, the accounting team has shown their acceptance of the new procedures. This is likely because ______.

Tameka has used tact

________ is the intervention phase of the OD process.

Treatment

The public library in Emily's town wants patrons to scan their own books to check them out instead of having library employees do it. At first, the employees felt that this approach would create an impersonal way to check out books, but management has encouraged the employees to let go of the old way of doing things by explaining to them that they will be more useful working as information specialists in another area of the library. Which stage of Lewin's change model does this represent?

Unfreezing

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? (Choose every correct answer.)

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace?

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

One assumption that is central to a systems approach to change is that change ______.

creates a ripple effect through an organization

In some parts of the United States, guns are sold at Walmart stores. Some people refuse to shop at those stores. At the extreme, everyone would refuse to shop at those stores. In that hypothetical situation, ______ are acting as an external force for change.

customers

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______.

diagnose problems

The organizational development (OD) process has three steps: ________, accompanied by feedback.

diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.

disruption of the group relationship

The process through which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves up, eventually displacing established companies, is referred to as ___.

disruptive innovation

Adaptive change is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization.

false

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to ______.

fear of failure

The technique used to determine which forces could act for a proposed change and which forces could act against it is referred to as ______.

force-field analysis

Self-compassion is best described as ______.

gentleness with yourself

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

Although they may be subtle, when considering forces for change, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and low productivity represent

human resources concerns.

As CEO of a successful tech start-up, Ricardo likely understands that ________ hinges on taking risks and can result in failure.

innovation

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as:

innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

When a grocery store chain adopts a new practice of its competitors by staying open 24 hours a day, requiring employees to work flexible schedules, it is implementing a(n) ________ change.

innovative

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.

it is a surprise

If a company alters the way a product is manufactured, conceived, or distributed, it is referred to as ______ innovation.

process

Rather than worry about introducing a new sports recovery product, Gabriel tells his staff that they should repackage the existing products and promote them to professional basketball teams throughout the country. Gabriel is using ______ innovation.

process

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or creating a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

The process of changing the appearance or performance of a product or service is known as ______ innovation.

product

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization.

technological advancements

When there is a climate of mistrust, employees

tend to create conflict.

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.

top managers are not committed

Disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors.

true

According to Lewin's model of change, during the first stage, referred to as the ______ stage, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation.

unfreezing