Chapter 10: Section 3 Questions

How did William the Conqueror change England?

• He was a Norman (Viking) from France • 1066 - Battle of Hastings • 1st King of England

11. How did French kings strengthen the monarchy in their country?

• In 843 the Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections. One of them, the west Frankish lands, formed the core of the kingdom of France. In 987 after the last Carolingian king died, the west Frankish nobles made Hugh Capet their king, establishing the Capetian (kuh • PEE • shuhn) dynasty of French kings. • Although they were called kings, the Capetians had little real power. The royal domain, or lands they controlled, included only the area around Paris, known as the Ile-de-France. Formally, they were above the great dukes of France, but many of the dukes were actually more powerful

How did the Magna Carta limit royal power?

• The Magna Carta gave written recognition to that fact and was used in later years to strengthen the idea that a monarch's power was limited, not absolute.

12. Why did the lands of Germany and Italy not become united during the Middle Ages?

• In the tenth century, the powerful dukes of the Saxons became kings of the eastern Frankish kingdom, which came to be known as Germany. The best-known Saxon king of Germany was Otto I. Otto was a patron of German culture and brought the Church under his control. In return for protecting the pope, Otto I was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962. The title had not been used since the time of Charlemagne. Otto's creation of a new Roman Empire in the hands of the Germans had long-range consequences for Europe. • As leaders of a new Roman Empire, the German kings attempted to rule both German and Italian lands. Many a German king lost armies in Italy in pursuit of the dream of an empire. The two most famous members of one particular German dynasty prove this.

Who are the Slavs and what new kingdoms did they form? To which branch of Christianity did each belong?

• The Slavic peoples were originally a single people in central Europe. Gradually, they divided into three major groups: the western, southern, and eastern Slavs. • The western Slavs eventually formed the Polish and Bohemian kingdoms. German monks had converted both the Czechs in Bohemia and the Slavs in Poland to Christianity by the tenth century. The non-Slavic kingdom of Hungary was also converted. The Poles, Czechs, and Hungarians (Magyars) all accepted Western Christianity and became part of the Roman Catholic Church and its Latin culture. • The eastern Slavic peoples of Moravia were converted to Orthodox Christianity