unit 2 nutrition

Latino/Hispanic Americans Native Americans African Americans

What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes?

glycerol backbone three attached fatty acids

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

126 mg/dL or higher

What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?

to provide energy for the body

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? to provide structure to all of the cells in the body to insulate the body to build muscle to provide energy for the body

Hypoglycemia

When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with

alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

neotame, aspartame, acesulfame-K

Which of the following non-nutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States? Select all that apply.

to improve food tenderness to increase the browning of the food to serve as a preservative

Why is sugar often added to foods?

deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your _____.

trans fatty acids

allows the carbon chain to remain straighter

milk

An excellent source of protein, many vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus is______.

NutraSweet & Equal

Aspartame consists of phenylalanine and aspartic acid and is best known by the trade names _____.

C

Food labels are not required to provide information about which of the following? A) total carbohydrate B) dietary fiber C) soluble fiber D) sugars

complex carbohydrates

There are digestible and nondigestible forms of _____. complex carbohydrates alcohol the essential lipids proteins

20

To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?

DNA

It is the role of ______, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.

partial hydrogenation

is the process of adding hydrogens to unsaturated fats, which makes a liquid fat more solid at room temperature.

14-24

Long-chain fatty acids contain _______carbons

Fibers

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

breath mints diabetic candy sugar-free gum

Sugar alcohols are used in _____.

Endogenous

The amino acid pool is an ______ source of nitrogen.

LDL, HDL, VLDL, chylomicrons

The four major classes of lipoproteins are

Cholecystokinin

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes is called _____.

Glucose

The primary fuel for muscle and other cells is ______

Kwashiorkor and marasmus

The two forms of protein-energy malnutrition are

A

What does the term starch mean? A) the storage form of carbohydrates in plants B) substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine C) a simple form of carbohydrate D) a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form

Denaturation

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?

tooth decay

When sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, this results in

soda pop, apple pie, donut, candy

Which food is a source of refined carbohydrates? apple potato steak soda pop apple pie donut candy

peanuts, peanut oil, canola oil, olives, olive oil, almonds, and avocados

Which foods are rich in monounsaturated fats?

peptide bond

_________ is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

Statins

are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

Sorbitol/Xylitol/Mannitol

sugar alcohols

Cholesterol

A lipid found only in foods that contain animal products is

hydrogen atoms

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with _____.

45-65

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide_______ % to _______ % of total calories in the diet.

glucose dextrose

Identify two names for the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.

type 2 diabetes and CVD

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing______

monosaccharides, disaccharides

Simple carbohydrates include ________, which contain only one sugar unit, and _________, which are compounds of two sugar units.

Fructose

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ______

cis fatty acids

causes the carbon chain to bend

Amino (nitrogen-containing) group, r group, acid group, hydrogen atom

Each amino acid has a carbon atom that is attached to which four of the following?

trans fats and saturated fats

______fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of _________ fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.