unit 2 nutrition
Latino/Hispanic Americans Native Americans African Americans
What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes?
glycerol backbone three attached fatty acids
What are the structural components of a triglyceride?
It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.
What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?
126 mg/dL or higher
What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?
to provide energy for the body
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? to provide structure to all of the cells in the body to insulate the body to build muscle to provide energy for the body
Hypoglycemia
When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with
alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid
Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?
neotame, aspartame, acesulfame-K
Which of the following non-nutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States? Select all that apply.
to improve food tenderness to increase the browning of the food to serve as a preservative
Why is sugar often added to foods?
deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your _____.
trans fatty acids
allows the carbon chain to remain straighter
milk
An excellent source of protein, many vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus is______.
NutraSweet & Equal
Aspartame consists of phenylalanine and aspartic acid and is best known by the trade names _____.
C
Food labels are not required to provide information about which of the following? A) total carbohydrate B) dietary fiber C) soluble fiber D) sugars
complex carbohydrates
There are digestible and nondigestible forms of _____. complex carbohydrates alcohol the essential lipids proteins
20
To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?
DNA
It is the role of ______, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.
partial hydrogenation
is the process of adding hydrogens to unsaturated fats, which makes a liquid fat more solid at room temperature.
14-24
Long-chain fatty acids contain _______carbons
Fibers
Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
breath mints diabetic candy sugar-free gum
Sugar alcohols are used in _____.
Endogenous
The amino acid pool is an ______ source of nitrogen.
LDL, HDL, VLDL, chylomicrons
The four major classes of lipoproteins are
Cholecystokinin
The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes is called _____.
Glucose
The primary fuel for muscle and other cells is ______
Kwashiorkor and marasmus
The two forms of protein-energy malnutrition are
A
What does the term starch mean? A) the storage form of carbohydrates in plants B) substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine C) a simple form of carbohydrate D) a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form
Denaturation
What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?
tooth decay
When sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, this results in
soda pop, apple pie, donut, candy
Which food is a source of refined carbohydrates? apple potato steak soda pop apple pie donut candy
peanuts, peanut oil, canola oil, olives, olive oil, almonds, and avocados
Which foods are rich in monounsaturated fats?
peptide bond
_________ is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.
Statins
are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.
Sorbitol/Xylitol/Mannitol
sugar alcohols
Cholesterol
A lipid found only in foods that contain animal products is
hydrogen atoms
A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with _____.
45-65
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide_______ % to _______ % of total calories in the diet.
glucose dextrose
Identify two names for the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.
type 2 diabetes and CVD
Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing______
monosaccharides, disaccharides
Simple carbohydrates include ________, which contain only one sugar unit, and _________, which are compounds of two sugar units.
Fructose
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ______
cis fatty acids
causes the carbon chain to bend
Amino (nitrogen-containing) group, r group, acid group, hydrogen atom
Each amino acid has a carbon atom that is attached to which four of the following?
trans fats and saturated fats
______fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of _________ fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.