Chapter 10 Smartbook
Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which two theorists?
Frederick Herzberg Abraham Maslow
Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of ______.
Frederick Taylor
What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?
Increase worker productivity Benefit the firm Benefit the worker
A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called
Management by Objectives
Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.
People seek responsibility. People like to work.
According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?
Rapid promotion Individual decision making
What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?
They have the freedom to make decisions.
What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?
Time-motion
Vroom's expectancy theory states that the ______.
amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome
Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:
father
Management by objectives means that managers ______.
include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated
Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?
methods rules of work time
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide
motivation
A(n) __________-__________ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.
time; motion
Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory _______ man
X
Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:
Henry L. Gantt Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Job enrichment is most closely related to ______.
Herzberg's higher-level motivators
Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?
Scientific
A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under ______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under ______.
Theory Y; Theory X
Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?
They focus on career security and change jobs to find it
Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?
Intrinsic reward
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______.
naturally like to work
Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:
no longer motivate
What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?
- To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation - To monitor the results of implementing goals - To reward the accomplishment of organization goals
Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?
Drucker's Goal-setting theory
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
Equity
The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by ______.
Frederick Herzberg
The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are ______.
Gen X
What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?
McGregor's Theory Y McGregor's Theory X
Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?
Sense of achievement
Frederick Taylor wrote:
The Principles of Scientific Management
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.
Workers are motivated by fear and punishment Workers prefer to avoid responsibility
The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:
an intrinsic reward
An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to be more _____.
be more concerned with economic and career security
Taylor's method was to:
determine the one "best" way teach people the one best way to do their jobs study the most efficient way to do a task
When using MBO, a manager must do which of the following?
develop commitment to goals formulate goals cooperatively with employees
To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:
developing workers' skills allowing autonomy respecting workers
haracteristics of the Millennial Generation include:
having been raised by indulgent parents having cell phones always having the Internet in their world
While workers in the United States are more task-oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture.
high; low
In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?
lack of appreciation
Herzberg studied the relationship between ______.
motivation and job-related factors
According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)
motivator
Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.
motivators
The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions
During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results
The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:
setting goals with the employee rewarding employee accomplishments
The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:
the findings were used to set standards and goals
Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies.
time-motion
According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type ______ management is achievement oriented.
A
Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?
Expectancy theory
True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".
False
Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called
scientific management
The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of ______.
scientific management
Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:
understanding of different cultures within a country knowing that generations have different cultures familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world
Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of ______.
a time-motion study
Who wrote The Principles of Scientific Management?
Frederick Taylor
The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?
Drucker's goal-setting theory