Chapter 10 Smartbook

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which two theorists?

Frederick Herzberg Abraham Maslow

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of ______.

Frederick Taylor

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

Increase worker productivity Benefit the firm Benefit the worker

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called

Management by Objectives

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

People seek responsibility. People like to work.

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

Rapid promotion Individual decision making

What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?

They have the freedom to make decisions.

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time-motion

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the ______.

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:

father

Management by objectives means that managers ______.

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

methods rules of work time

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide

motivation

A(n) __________-__________ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.

time; motion

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory _______ man

X

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:

Henry L. Gantt Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Job enrichment is most closely related to ______.

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under ______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under ______.

Theory Y; Theory X

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic reward

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______.

naturally like to work

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

- To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation - To monitor the results of implementing goals - To reward the accomplishment of organization goals

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by ______.

Frederick Herzberg

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are ______.

Gen X

What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory Y McGregor's Theory X

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.

Workers are motivated by fear and punishment Workers prefer to avoid responsibility

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward

An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to be more _____.

be more concerned with economic and career security

Taylor's method was to:

determine the one "best" way teach people the one best way to do their jobs study the most efficient way to do a task

When using MBO, a manager must do which of the following?

develop commitment to goals formulate goals cooperatively with employees

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

developing workers' skills allowing autonomy respecting workers

haracteristics of the Millennial Generation include:

having been raised by indulgent parents having cell phones always having the Internet in their world

While workers in the United States are more task-oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture.

high; low

In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?

lack of appreciation

Herzberg studied the relationship between ______.

motivation and job-related factors

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)

motivator

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

motivators

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

setting goals with the employee rewarding employee accomplishments

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies.

time-motion

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type ______ management is achievement oriented.

A

Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?

Expectancy theory

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called

scientific management

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of ______.

scientific management

Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:

understanding of different cultures within a country knowing that generations have different cultures familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of ______.

a time-motion study

Who wrote The Principles of Scientific Management?

Frederick Taylor

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory