Chapter 10 The Endocrine System Practice Test
The pituitary hormone that controls the Tralee if glucocorticoids is
ACTH
The hormone lepton is secreted by
Adipose tissue
Target cells of hypothalamic releasing hormones are located in the
Anterior pituitary
Which hormones secretion promotes the lose of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
steroid hormones
Bind to intracellular receptors
Generally, the actions of hormones
Can produce complex changes in physical stricter and physiological changes
Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in
Cretinism
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes
Cushing's syndrome
What causes ineffective synthesis of calcitrol?
Decreased availability of Vitamin D3
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is
Epinephrine
The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the kidney tissue is
Erythropoietin
Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are
FSH and LH
The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome are the
Glucocorticoids
The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in
Increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver
What hormone is produced by both the testes and the ovaries?
Inhibin
Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free eradicate such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide?
Melatonin
Which of the following hormones is an amazing acid derivative? -melatonin -oxytocin -growth hormone -prolactin
Melatonin
Aldosterone is the principle
Mineralcorticosteroids
The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces
Mineralcorticosteroids
The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone
Oxytocin
The posterior pituitary gland Stores
Oxytocin (OT)
What hormone binds to membrane receptors and activated the G Protein?
Peptide hormones
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless the thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a
Permissive effect
The endocrine system
Relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells
The highest level of endocrine control is provided by
The hypothalamus
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by
The inability to produce glucocorticoids
Which statement is true about the pituitary? -the anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary -the pituitary hormones all work by activating the G protein and triggering cAMP within cells -the alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum
The pituitary hormones all work by activating the G protein and triggering cAMP within cells
Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones? -they're carbohydrates -they can't diffuse through the plasma membrane -they don't bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus -They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription
They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription
Which endocrine gland stores it's hormones in follicle cavities?
Thyroid
What hormone is responsible for the calorigenic effect?
Thyroid hormone
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
Vasopressin
Disorders associated with thyroid excess have symptoms related to
Weight loss
steroid hormones
are structurally similar to cholesterol
parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form
calcitriol
All hormones are
chemical messengers
Peptide hormones are
composed of chains of amino acids
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce
corticosteroids
One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is
epinephrine
diabetes insipidus can be caused by
failure of kidneys to respond to ADH
The alpha cells of the pancreas produce
glucagon
When blood glucose levels fall,
glucagon is released
Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
hypothalamus
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is
mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves
Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by
negative feedback
When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
Which statement is true about adrenal glands? -the adrenal cortex regulates the adrenal medulla -the adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, glucose blood levels -the adrenal androgen hormones are found only in males
the adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, glucose blood levels
The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological process that follow a day-night latter is
Melatonin
Increased sodium ion concentration in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone
Aldosterone
The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by
blood calcium ion levels
An important second messenger in hormonal action is
cAMP
Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary.
hypothalamus
Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called
target cells
Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the
thyroid gland
The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is
LH
What hormone is secreted by the pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but isn't usually found in adults?
MSH
Insulin causes
conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles
One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is
cortisol
The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are
kidneys, bone, and digestive system
Cyclic AMP often causes activation of
kinase enzymes
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.
parathyroid hormone
Melatonin is the hormone produced by the
pineal gland
Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called
releasing hormones
Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce
testosterone
The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is
Parathyroid hormone
The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is
Parathyroid hormone
during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water?
Mineralocortiocoids (with ADH)
Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium since she has lost her source of calcitonin. Does she need to worry about this problem?
No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium.
Regarding pancreatic hormones,
Parasympathetic stimulation enhanced insulin release and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it
Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? -steroid hormones -Epi & NorEpi -Peptide hormones -oxytocin
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid
Tyrosine
What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
ADH anti-diuretic hormone (or vasopressin)
The hormone oxytocin
Is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex
This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH
Diabetes insipidus
What hormone primarily targets the gonads?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of falls acids into the blood is
GH
Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? -GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood -liver cells respond to GH by pressing prostaglandins -in epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division
GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood
In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extra cellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli.
Humoral
Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the
Hypophyseal portal system
Which pancreatic hormone is released when blood glucose levels rise?
Insulin
Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require _________ for production.
Iodine
The nervous system
Is ideal for crisis management
The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of
Neural axons, directly
Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as
Polyuria
Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by
Progesterone