Chapter 10 The Endocrine System Practice Test

The pituitary hormone that controls the Tralee if glucocorticoids is

ACTH

The hormone lepton is secreted by

Adipose tissue

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing hormones are located in the

Anterior pituitary

Which hormones secretion promotes the lose of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

steroid hormones

Bind to intracellular receptors

Generally, the actions of hormones

Can produce complex changes in physical stricter and physiological changes

Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in

Cretinism

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes

Cushing's syndrome

What causes ineffective synthesis of calcitrol?

Decreased availability of Vitamin D3

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is

Epinephrine

The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the kidney tissue is

Erythropoietin

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome are the

Glucocorticoids

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in

Increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

What hormone is produced by both the testes and the ovaries?

Inhibin

Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free eradicate such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide?

Melatonin

Which of the following hormones is an amazing acid derivative? -melatonin -oxytocin -growth hormone -prolactin

Melatonin

Aldosterone is the principle

Mineralcorticosteroids

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

Mineralcorticosteroids

The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone

Oxytocin

The posterior pituitary gland Stores

Oxytocin (OT)

What hormone binds to membrane receptors and activated the G Protein?

Peptide hormones

The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless the thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a

Permissive effect

The endocrine system

Relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by

The hypothalamus

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by

The inability to produce glucocorticoids

Which statement is true about the pituitary? -the anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary -the pituitary hormones all work by activating the G protein and triggering cAMP within cells -the alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum

The pituitary hormones all work by activating the G protein and triggering cAMP within cells

Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones? -they're carbohydrates -they can't diffuse through the plasma membrane -they don't bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus -They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription

They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription

Which endocrine gland stores it's hormones in follicle cavities?

Thyroid

What hormone is responsible for the calorigenic effect?

Thyroid hormone

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

Vasopressin

Disorders associated with thyroid excess have symptoms related to

Weight loss

steroid hormones

are structurally similar to cholesterol

parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form

calcitriol

All hormones are

chemical messengers

Peptide hormones are

composed of chains of amino acids

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

corticosteroids

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

epinephrine

diabetes insipidus can be caused by

failure of kidneys to respond to ADH

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

hypothalamus

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is

mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

negative feedback

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

Which statement is true about adrenal glands? -the adrenal cortex regulates the adrenal medulla -the adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, glucose blood levels -the adrenal androgen hormones are found only in males

the adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, glucose blood levels

The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological process that follow a day-night latter is

Melatonin

Increased sodium ion concentration in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone

Aldosterone

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

blood calcium ion levels

An important second messenger in hormonal action is

cAMP

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary.

hypothalamus

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called

target cells

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

thyroid gland

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is

LH

What hormone is secreted by the pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but isn't usually found in adults?

MSH

Insulin causes

conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

cortisol

The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are

kidneys, bone, and digestive system

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of

kinase enzymes

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

pineal gland

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called

releasing hormones

Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce

testosterone

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

Parathyroid hormone

The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is

Parathyroid hormone

during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water?

Mineralocortiocoids (with ADH)

Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium since she has lost her source of calcitonin. Does she need to worry about this problem?

No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium.

Regarding pancreatic hormones,

Parasympathetic stimulation enhanced insulin release and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? -steroid hormones -Epi & NorEpi -Peptide hormones -oxytocin

Steroid hormones

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

Tyrosine

What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?

ADH anti-diuretic hormone (or vasopressin)

The hormone oxytocin

Is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH

Diabetes insipidus

What hormone primarily targets the gonads?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of falls acids into the blood is

GH

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? -GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood -liver cells respond to GH by pressing prostaglandins -in epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division

GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extra cellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli.

Humoral

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the

Hypophyseal portal system

Which pancreatic hormone is released when blood glucose levels rise?

Insulin

Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require _________ for production.

Iodine

The nervous system

Is ideal for crisis management

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of

Neural axons, directly

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as

Polyuria

Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by

Progesterone