Chapter 10: The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840

President Jackson strongly supported the 1828 "Tariff of Abominations" during the nullification crisis because he believed that the federal government should play a role in the development of the manufacturing industry in the nation.

False

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River This piece of legislation authorized the president to ignore existing treaties with Native Americans. It also resulted in the relocation of tens of thousands of Native Americans westward across the Mississippi River.

Identify the impacts to the economy of Nicholas Biddle's demand that the Bank of the United States (B.U.S.) stop making loans and that state banks switch to gold or silver currency.

1) Biddle was trying to bring the economy to a halt and create a depression. 2) Biddle was trying to reveal the importance of maintaining the national bank.

Put in chronological order the following events during Andrew Jackson's presidency

1)South Carolina adopts the tariff of 1828 2)John Calhoun secretly composes the pamphlet South Carolina Exposition and Protest. 3) The Webster Hayne debate takes place in Congress. 4) South Carolina adopts an Ordinance of Nullification. 5) President Jackson requests and receives a "force bill" from Congress to force South Carolina to adhere to federal law.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction; John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians; this ruling was largely ignored by President Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson's tenure as president was marked by controversy. Identify some of the contradictions that contributed to Jackson's mixed legacy.

ALL answers are correct

The cartoon comments on Jackson's efforts to prevent the rechartering of the Bank of the United States. The hydra, a creature from Greek mythology, represents the bank and has many heads resembling politicians from various U.S. states. What does the cartoon convey regarding what became known as the Bank War?

Because support for the bank was so powerful, Jackson was in danger of losing the battle to prevent it from being rechartered. Because Jackson took an active approach in combating the rechartering of the bank, he had a real stake in the outcome of the conflict.

Identify some of the tensions that resulted in South Carolina's rejection of federal authority during President Jackson's administration.

Congress passed the Tariff of 1828 that many South Carolinians believed would protect domestic textile manufacturers at the expense of the interests of cotton planters. South Carolina's John C. Calhoun and President Jackson were divided by an intensely personal political rivalry., Severe economic strain after the collapse of cotton prices in the 1820s disproportionately affected South Carolina.

Identify the ways that President Jackson handled challenges to federal authority posed by states that wanted to assert power over neighboring Native American tribes.

Due to Jackson's general disdain for Native Americans and his desire to move them westward, he refused to interfere on behalf of the Cherokee Nation in their dealings with the state of Georgia. Jackson refused to enforce Supreme Court decisions that supported Cherokee land claims.

During his farewell address, Andrew Jackson said that he had worked on behalf of "the farmer, the mechanic, and the laboring classes of society—the bone and sinew of the country—men who love liberty and desire nothing but equal rights and equal laws." Identify Jackson's positions that support this claim.

He advocated for the political equality of "common" men to vote and hold office. He advocated for equality of opportunity for the "common man" so they could thrive.

Identify the actions Andrew Jackson took during his presidency that demonstrate his view that he was a representative of the "people.

He vetoed the Bank Recharter Bill because he believed that the Second Bank of the United States only made "the rich richer." He removed career bureaucrats from government jobs and replaced them with his supporters.

Andrew Jackson had a particular regard for the "common man" during his presidency, a perspective that was nurtured by the manner in which he was raised. Identify the ways that Jackson's upbringing differed from those of his presidential predecessors.

He was born in a log cabin., He did not come from a prominent colonial family.

Opposition to the federal government policy of removing Indians was widespread. In his diary, a U.S. soldier wrote, "The government is in the wrong, and this is the chief cause of the persevering opposition of the Indians, who have nobly defended their country against our attempt to enforce a fraudulent treaty. The natives used every means to avoid a war, but were forced into it by the tyranny of our government." Why did Andrew Jackson support Indian removal despite passionate and popular opposition?

He was convinced that moving Indians to reservations in the West was in their best interests. He believed Indians were inferior to whites, and whites should control the land and its resources. He wanted the government to take over Indian land, especially areas with rich farming and mining potential.

During the Peggy Eaton social scandal, Andrew Jackson said that Vice President Calhoun was a dangerous, unprincipled man who "would sacrifice his friend, his country, and forsake his god for selfish personal ambition." What does this quotation reveal about the impact of the Peggy Eaton affair on Andrew Jackson's administration?

Jackson blamed Calhoun for the targeted abuse of Peggy eaton

In regard to his policies about Native Americans following the Worcester v. Georgia decision, Jackson was reported to have said, "John Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it." What did Jackson mean by this?

Jackson indented to defend the supreme courts ruling that the Cherokees could not be removed from Georgia

How did Henry Clay's compromise temporarily lessen tensions among President Jackson, his nationalist allies, and sectionalist state and federal legislators from South Carolina?

President Jackson claimed victory by reaffirming the supremacy of federal authority when South Carolina nullifiers backed down. The federal tariff on certain items that economically hurt South Carolina's agricultural economy was gradually reduced, but not eliminated. South Carolina officials who advocated and supported nullification were able to claim victory because of the reduction of the tariff without bloodshed.

During the conflict between nationalists and states' rights advocates, the idea of nullification developed. What was the central principle of nullification?

Since states voted to create the Union, they had the right to deem a law unconstitutional and veto it.

Which of the following happened when abolitionists sent anti-slavery publications to white southerners during the Jacksonian era?

Some pro-slavery southerners broke into post offices and destroyed abolitionist mailings., Southern states passed laws banning abolitionist mailings.

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

The Supreme Court ruled that Indians were not independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government. From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal government.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Distribution Act?

The act sought to distribute surplus money from federal land sales to the states in proportion to their representation in Congress. The act resulted in a rush to withdraw funds from state banks.

What does comparing these two images suggest about Jackson's presidency?

The democratization of American politics during the Jacksonian era and Jackson's beliefs on the authority of the president could be viewed by some as contradictory. Amid the democratization of American politics during the Jacksonian era, Jackson also expanded the power of the presidency.

During his administration, President Jackson was able to carve out a base for the modern Democratic party through force of character and his reputation as the common man's candidate. He secured a constituency that ranged from the working poor in eastern cities to southern farmers.

True

In response to the Panic of 1837, Congress passed the Independent Treasury Act to establish an Independent Treasury system.

True

President Andrew Jackson universally applied his views on the supremacy of federal laws over state laws.

false

Which of the following were major changes during the Jacksonian era from 1828 to 1840?

westward expansion industrialization growing tensions over slavery