Chapter 10: WWII
What was the Island-hopping strategy?
Hopping from Island to Island, we used new islands as airbases since they are close enough to Japan.
Admiral _____ planned to recapture the Philippines?
Nimitz
What pact was signed in 1939 that was between the soviet union and Germany
Non-Aggression pact
What was the operation name for the invasion of the Soviet Union?
Operation Barbarossa
What was the operation name for the invasion of Cecily?
Operation Huskie
What was the early on italian aggression like?
Originally, the Italians did not want war, but Mussolini forced them into it. Because of this, their military was not ready; they tried to take over Greece and Egypt, and got killed until Germans came and dominated.
When did Germany invade Poland?
September 1st, 1939
When did the war end in the pacific?
September 2nd, 1945
What month, day, and year was Operation Overlord (D-Day)?
June 6, 1944
What was the month, day, and year of D-day?
June 6th, 1944
What is the German translation of the night of broken glass?
Krystlnacht
What were the Nuremburg laws?
Laws against the Jews before WW2
What was the name of the bombs that were dropped?
Little Boy and Fat Man
What bomb was dropped on Hiroshima?
Little Man
What was the name of the popular icon for women propoganda?
"Rosie the Riveter"
By 1945, how much of the of British workforce was for war industry?
1/3
What did Lightening War (Blitz) consist of?
A combination of tanks on the ground and airplane cover in the sky
What was the Atlantic Charter?
A document that repudiated Britain's right to rule over other peoples in it's territories.
Who was Winston Churchill?
A very great leader of Great Britain, was against Hitler and Communism, and gave the famous speech "Finest Hour".
When did the Germans surrender?
A week after Hitler committed suicide.
What were the U.S. politics about the war?
After WWI, many people in the country were anti-war and congress passed many acts to prevent war
What was the Lend-Lease Act
Allowed USA to lend or lease US ships to Britain, but mentioned that they can't enter combat zones though.
What month, day, and year does Japan surrender?
August 15, 1945
What was the month, day, and year did we bomb Hiroshima, and then Nagasaki?
August 6, 1945 we bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3 days later.
Why did Germany invade the soviet union?
Because they wanted to gain resources such as oil and slave labor
What was gained in the North African campaign?
British and American troops were able to clear Axis Powers from North Africa, improve naval control of Mediterranean Sea, and prepare for Invasion of Southern Europe
What was Operation Overlord?
D-day
What was the month, day, and year of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
December 7, 1941
When did WWII start?
December 7, 1941- USA; June 22, 1941- USSR; September 1, 1939- Poland;1931- China
When was the U.S. attack on Pearl Harbor?
December 7th, 1941
What was the city that the U.S. bombed that was controversial?
Dresden
What was the name of the country where was the battle of El Alemin?
Egypt
What was the name of the plane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima?
Enola Day
What was the fate of Mussolini?
Eventually, Mussolini was ejected from office. Hitler then had to rescue him from jail. When Germany finally surrendered, Mussolini and girlfriend were hung at a gas station.
Give an overview of Hitler's suicide.
Eventually, the USSR got there first and took out last line of defense, so Hitler shot himself. He blames Jews in his suicide note, and his newly married wife took her life as well on April 30, 1945.
When did the Yalta Conference take place?
February 1945
The fall of which country to Germany, frightened great Britain the most?
France
What is the Phony War concept?
France and Britain declared war on Germany in defense of Poland but really did nothing, didn't want war.
Who was Charles de Gaulle?
French politician/leader who fled to London from france in search of security. He wanted Frenchmen to join him in continuing the battle overseas. However, because defeat, everyone stayed in Vichy France.
What US army general vowed to return to the Philippines?
General MacArthur
What was Operation Sea Lion?
Germany's invasion into great Britain
What was Roosevelt's postwar goal?
He wanted free postwar elections everywhere in Europe.
What was Stalin's postwar goal?
He wanted most or all new governments would be anti soviet.
What was Churchill's postwar goal?
He wanted to avoid western confrontation and gain as much land as possible.
What was the axis strategy (or lack thereof)?
Stalin had troops in Siberia who were there incase Japs attacked, and there were spies in Japan who said that Japan had no plans, so Stalin put all troops against USSR, Japs and Germans could've double teamed USSR. But they didn't.
Which battle was the turning point for the war in Europe?
Stalingrad
What was the plan for Operation Overlord (D-Day)?
The Allied powers planned to cross the Channel and attack the beaches, thus provide ports for the landing of a million men in a month.
What was the turning point of the war in the pacific?
The Battle at Midway
What happened in Petain?
The Nazi's set up another authoritarian government, like that of Vichy France.
What was the Rape of Nanking and when did it take place?
The Rape of Nanking took place in 1937 and was an extremely large act of violence and aggression in which Japanese soldiers raped and pillaged many people and treated them in many inhumane ways.
What lead to the proceedings at Pearl Harbor?
The United States ended up hearing about the Japanese pillages in China and wanted them out of the country, they eventually put an embargo on scrap irons and metal which eventually escalated to oil and steal. Because of this, the Japanese felt this as an act of aggression and bombed us.
What was the concept behind Vichy france?
The bottom 2/5 of France still get a type of puppet-government authoritarian French Rule
What was the type of war did the Germans dominate with?
The concept or "Lightning War" or Blitzkrieg.
What happened to the Soviet factories/workers during wartime?
The factories were moved fifteen hundred factories eastward, and destroyed what had to be left behind. Because of all the men in uniform, women were then sent to work.
What was the U.S. like on the Home-front?
There was a lot of propaganda going around to keep people motivated and to help with the draft. There was rationing and conserving of food as well.
Give an overview of Japanese aggression.
They basically had the same thought process as the Germans in that they needed more living space and materials. They raised their children to be warriors and started to ruthlessly pillage and rape China in 1931.
What was Germany like on the Home-front?
They had many slaves from other countries working as their own personal workforce.
What was the biggest of the many reasons German's used aggression and expanded into other countries?
They needed more "living space" for such a prosperous country, and envisioned a Germany from one sea to another.
How did Nazi treat "enemies" other than Jews (i.e. Poles, minorities, etc.)?
They treated them like slaves or subhuman beings. They were overworked and starved. The polish had to wear a purple "P" and weren't allowed to mix with the German race. Foreigners ended up making up 1/5 of the German workforce.
What were British government policies during wartime?
They were very strong; there was a Ministry of Economic Warfare. They sabotage the German-dominated European economics by denying Hitler vital raw materials by offering neutrals a better price for goods they would have otherwise sold to Germany.
What significance is in Article 3 of Atlantic Charter?
This is "the right of every people to choose the form of government under which it desires to live", which changes the rule of the people in the territories Britain and France own.
What is the Yalta Conference?
This is when Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt meet to discuss what post-WWII will look like.
What was the British National Service Act of 1941?
This put every adult from eighteen to fifty at the government's disposal (to be sent to work wherever he or she was needed), controlled prices and rationed such essentials as food and fuel, and deducted compulsory savings from every paycheck to help pay for war.
What was Operation Torch?
This was British and American troops invading North Africa, taking it over, and then exposing the soft underbelly of Nazi Germany.
What was the Battle of El Alamein?
This was a battle between the British and the Germans in which the British drove the Germans out of Egypt. Because of this, Hitler was very angry about French failure to resist the landings, and ordered the total occupation of France.
What was the Battle of Midway?
This was a battle between the United States and Japanese in which a small US force beat a large Japanese fleet eleven hundred miles from Hawaii. This gave the US a lot more naval power.
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
This was the first large defeat between Russia and Germany in which Hitler goes for Stalingrad. Hitler refuses to retreat when winter gets worse and worse and within 3 months half a million German soldiers are dead. Then, the Soviet's advance did not quit until it reached Berlin.
What was the Battle of Britain?
This was the first major setback for Germany because they could not apply their war tactics and Britain had solid new radar system and the people of London turned lights out at night.
What was Operation Barbarossa?
This was the invasion of the Soviet Union, and was going pretty well for the Germans, who gained about 2/3 of the land in 3 weeks, but was ultimately defeated by general winter.
What was the Tehran Conference?
This was where the 3 powers met to decide about Operation Overlord (D-Day).
What was Churchill's strategy of the "soft underbelly" invasion of Italy?
To go through the mediterranean
From this, the United Nations was formed. What groups were people in this organization?
USA, Britain, USSR, China, and later France
What was a lot of new technology that came out of the war?
War strategies (Guiding beam for bombers), deflect for beam, atomic bomb, DDT, and antibiotic penicillin.
Give an overview of the changing role of government in postwar Britain, France.
We see a spring of welfare, a government ownership of big insurance companies, coal, steel, and energy industries, and government responsibility for the quality of civilian lives.
What did we do with Britain when they asked for help?
We traded 50 US destroyers to Britain for 99 year lease on 6 British Naval Bases in Western Hemisphere.
What was the affect of General Winter on the German Troops?
When Hitler invaded with the German troops they were ill prepared for the coldness that was in Russia
What were the two biggest mistakes Hitler made?
When they declared War on US and when they violated the Soviet's Non-Aggression act
What made up 2/3rds of the workforce of the Soviet Union in the war?
Women
Who lead the Japanese against America?
Yamamoto