Chapter 11
The philosophy of self-culture brought what social movement to prominence?
The lyceum movement, which featured lectures on various subjects
The organization of new political groups such as the Working Men's Party provides evidence that
workers tacked confidence in existing parties
How did advocates of the Benevolent Empire attempt to perfect society?
By personal contact, testimony, and exhortation
How were children of the wealthy usually educated prior to the Civil War?
By private tutors
What was a notable trend among master craftsmen in America by the 1830s
Distribution of production to outworkers
Who were the primary targets of the American nativist movement?
Irish Catholics
What was the most successful association of workers in the 1830s?
National Trades' Union
What changes occurred in urban development by the 1830s?
Neighborhoods stratified by class
What did Seth Luther mean by the term middle class?
Persons whose jobs required mental rather than physical labor
Reformers refocused their attention in the 1830s on what social needs
Self-control and external restraint
What was the largest and longest tenured reform proposal aimed at improving individuals in society?
The temperance movement
Why did some Americans withdraw into covenanted communities?
To prepare for the end of days
How did most eastern middle-class Americans regard the western migration of many Americans?
With alarm, fearing the departure of ambitious citizens
What group provided the "backbone" of the Benevolent Empire?
Women volunteers
The message of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was
a combination of Christianity and American political and social values
The New England Artisan was
a newspaper published by Seth Luther
Compared to the Pennsylvania model of prisoner rehabilitation, Sing Sing prison in New York
allowed prisoners to work communally
When nonviolent means did not work, American abolitionists
encountered violent opposition to their activities
The French observer Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans
loved to form organizations
Most internal migrants
moved only short distances
Women were particularly drawn to Shakerism because
of a belief in the spiritual equality of women and men
Catharine Sedgwick's novel The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man
romanticized urban poverty and suggested that "true wealth" lay within the reach of everyone
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
sent missionaries to China, Africa, and Asia
Labor organizer Seth Luther characterized society as a struggle between
the producers and the rich
The Female Moral Reform Society
tried to reclaim women from prostitution