Chapter 11

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The philosophy of self-culture brought what social movement to prominence?

The lyceum movement, which featured lectures on various subjects

The organization of new political groups such as the Working Men's Party provides evidence that

workers tacked confidence in existing parties

How did advocates of the Benevolent Empire attempt to perfect society?

By personal contact, testimony, and exhortation

How were children of the wealthy usually educated prior to the Civil War?

By private tutors

What was a notable trend among master craftsmen in America by the 1830s

Distribution of production to outworkers

Who were the primary targets of the American nativist movement?

Irish Catholics

What was the most successful association of workers in the 1830s?

National Trades' Union

What changes occurred in urban development by the 1830s?

Neighborhoods stratified by class

What did Seth Luther mean by the term middle class?

Persons whose jobs required mental rather than physical labor

Reformers refocused their attention in the 1830s on what social needs

Self-control and external restraint

What was the largest and longest tenured reform proposal aimed at improving individuals in society?

The temperance movement

Why did some Americans withdraw into covenanted communities?

To prepare for the end of days

How did most eastern middle-class Americans regard the western migration of many Americans?

With alarm, fearing the departure of ambitious citizens

What group provided the "backbone" of the Benevolent Empire?

Women volunteers

The message of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was

a combination of Christianity and American political and social values

The New England Artisan was

a newspaper published by Seth Luther

Compared to the Pennsylvania model of prisoner rehabilitation, Sing Sing prison in New York

allowed prisoners to work communally

When nonviolent means did not work, American abolitionists

encountered violent opposition to their activities

The French observer Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans

loved to form organizations

Most internal migrants

moved only short distances

Women were particularly drawn to Shakerism because

of a belief in the spiritual equality of women and men

Catharine Sedgwick's novel The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man

romanticized urban poverty and suggested that "true wealth" lay within the reach of everyone

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

sent missionaries to China, Africa, and Asia

Labor organizer Seth Luther characterized society as a struggle between

the producers and the rich

The Female Moral Reform Society

tried to reclaim women from prostitution


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