Chapter 11

Pentateuch

tells about God's Chosen people, the Israelites, their early stories, their history, and the laws God gave them

Exodus

tells how Moses led the people of Israel out of Egypt God made his Covenant through Moses on Mount Sinai

1546 CE

the Catholic Council of Trent reaffirms the canon of all 46 books of the Old Testament

393 CE

the Council of Hippo (St. Augustine) confirms the canon of the Bible

the first five books

the Law, Torah, Pentateuch, Five Books of Moses

1000 -- 50 BCE

the Old Testament books are written/compiled

letters of Paul

the earliest books in the New Testament

Mark's Gospel

the earliest collection (70 CE)

160 CE

the early Church Father (leader) Irenaeus gave his list of approved Christian books and letters

1 Thess

the first to be written (51 CE)

2 Peter

the last book written (130 CE)

Gospels (4)

the life, works, message, death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus

canon

the official list of sacred books

TaNaKh

three sections in Jewish Hebrew Bible

stories along with laws and poetry

were gradually combined and edited

Pauline Epistles (13)

were written either by Paul or by others, to support and further educate individual Christians or small communities

written tradition (1000 BCE -- 110 BCE)

when crisis surfaced and threatened the existence of faith and traditions of the chosen people, trained scribes (people who knew the art of writing) combined and wrote down the experiences with God and stories of faith, with a view to preserving these for future

Greek

New Testament written language

Deuteronomy

"Second Law" -- a meditative and reflective history of the people of Israel

Book of Revelation (1)

(highly symbolic and mysterious language) was written to encourage early Christians to remain faithful to Christ during times of severe persecution

Letter to Hebrews (1)

sermon to Christians falling away from their belief in Jesus anonymous writer

Genesis (50 chapters)

11: story of the origins of the human race 39: story of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs

200 BCE

72 Rabbis translate the Old Testament from Hebrew to Koine Greek, a translation called the "Septuagint"(LXX) the LXX includes 39 books and 7 written in Greek

30 -- 100 CE

Christians use the LXX as their scriptures, which upsets the Jews

Torah

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

New Testament (27)

Gospels (4) Acts of the Apostles (1) Pauline Epistles (13) Letter to Hebrews (1) Catholic/General Epistles (7) Book of Revelation (1)

by the 4th century BCE

Greek had become the most influential language and many Jews could speak nothing else

390 CE

Jerome translates the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (called the Vulgate) because the Jews have only 39 books, he wants to limit the Old Testament to these; the 7 he leaves out (Tobit, Judith, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach, and Baruch) he calls "apocrypha" or "hidden books" (Deuterocanonical) but Pope Damasus I wants all 46 traditionally used books included in the Old Testament, so the Vulgate has 46 books in the Old Testament

Aramaic

Jesus language

Old Testament

Jewish or Hebrew Scriptures collection of religious books written in Hebrew over a period of 1000 years

90 CE

Jewish rabbis meet at the Council of Jamniah and decide to include only 39 books in their canon, since only these were in Hebrew

Acts of the Apostles (1)

Luke's account of the early days of the Christian community after Jesus

50 -- 120 CE

New Testament books are written

1536 CE

Luther translates the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into German he assumes that since the Jews wrote the Old Testament, theirs is the correct canon; he puts the extra 7 apocryphal books in the appendix

Old Testament (46)

Pentateuch (5) Historical (16) Wisdom and poetry (7) Prophets (18)

1943 CE

Pope Pius XII allowed scholars to use the Hebrew and Greek texts for subsequent translations

Apocrypha

Protestant Old Testament does not contain seven books, which also called "hidden books"

Deuterocanonical

seven more books written in Greek

Jewish Hebrew Bible (39)

Torah (Law/Pentateuch) Prophets (Neviim) Writings (Ketuviim)

Wisdom and Poetry books

a collection of hymns, poems, proverbs, and stories they use imaginative language to make their points

Catholic/General Epistles (7)

attributed to James, Peter, John and Jude, are called catholic (universal) or general because they are addressed to believing Christians as a general audience rather than to specific individuals or communities

books

began to take shape in the 6th century BCE (the Babylonian exile 587 BCE)

Numbers

census of the people resumption of the desert journey

Leviticus

more legislation and laws contains the "Holiness Code"

three-fold process of bible formation

oral tradition (2000 BCE -- 100 CE) written tradition (10000 BCE -- 110 CE) edited tradition (redaction) (587 BCE -- 120 CE)

edited tradition (redaction) (587 BCE -- 120 BCE)

over the course of time, the scribes and literary people collected various written literature, classified them into different categories, and edited them to apply to those people's time and context

oral tradition (2000 BCE -- 100 CE)

people recounted their experiences with God and passed these stories to their children and grand children, who in turn conveyed these to generations that followed all these were by word of mouth because writing was difficult and not common

Prophets (18)

people who speak God's word you will find words of comfort and promise, and will be challenged to act with justice and mercy

History books

pick up Israelite history from 1250 BCE to 100 BCE -- the Israelites' settling in the promised land, the rise and fall of their kings, their dispersion into exile, and their eventual return of the Promised Land

Prophets

pre-exilic exilic post-exilic Jonah, Daniel