Chapter 11
Pentateuch
tells about God's Chosen people, the Israelites, their early stories, their history, and the laws God gave them
Exodus
tells how Moses led the people of Israel out of Egypt God made his Covenant through Moses on Mount Sinai
1546 CE
the Catholic Council of Trent reaffirms the canon of all 46 books of the Old Testament
393 CE
the Council of Hippo (St. Augustine) confirms the canon of the Bible
the first five books
the Law, Torah, Pentateuch, Five Books of Moses
1000 -- 50 BCE
the Old Testament books are written/compiled
letters of Paul
the earliest books in the New Testament
Mark's Gospel
the earliest collection (70 CE)
160 CE
the early Church Father (leader) Irenaeus gave his list of approved Christian books and letters
1 Thess
the first to be written (51 CE)
2 Peter
the last book written (130 CE)
Gospels (4)
the life, works, message, death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus
canon
the official list of sacred books
TaNaKh
three sections in Jewish Hebrew Bible
stories along with laws and poetry
were gradually combined and edited
Pauline Epistles (13)
were written either by Paul or by others, to support and further educate individual Christians or small communities
written tradition (1000 BCE -- 110 BCE)
when crisis surfaced and threatened the existence of faith and traditions of the chosen people, trained scribes (people who knew the art of writing) combined and wrote down the experiences with God and stories of faith, with a view to preserving these for future
Greek
New Testament written language
Deuteronomy
"Second Law" -- a meditative and reflective history of the people of Israel
Book of Revelation (1)
(highly symbolic and mysterious language) was written to encourage early Christians to remain faithful to Christ during times of severe persecution
Letter to Hebrews (1)
sermon to Christians falling away from their belief in Jesus anonymous writer
Genesis (50 chapters)
11: story of the origins of the human race 39: story of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs
200 BCE
72 Rabbis translate the Old Testament from Hebrew to Koine Greek, a translation called the "Septuagint"(LXX) the LXX includes 39 books and 7 written in Greek
30 -- 100 CE
Christians use the LXX as their scriptures, which upsets the Jews
Torah
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
New Testament (27)
Gospels (4) Acts of the Apostles (1) Pauline Epistles (13) Letter to Hebrews (1) Catholic/General Epistles (7) Book of Revelation (1)
by the 4th century BCE
Greek had become the most influential language and many Jews could speak nothing else
390 CE
Jerome translates the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (called the Vulgate) because the Jews have only 39 books, he wants to limit the Old Testament to these; the 7 he leaves out (Tobit, Judith, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach, and Baruch) he calls "apocrypha" or "hidden books" (Deuterocanonical) but Pope Damasus I wants all 46 traditionally used books included in the Old Testament, so the Vulgate has 46 books in the Old Testament
Aramaic
Jesus language
Old Testament
Jewish or Hebrew Scriptures collection of religious books written in Hebrew over a period of 1000 years
90 CE
Jewish rabbis meet at the Council of Jamniah and decide to include only 39 books in their canon, since only these were in Hebrew
Acts of the Apostles (1)
Luke's account of the early days of the Christian community after Jesus
50 -- 120 CE
New Testament books are written
1536 CE
Luther translates the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into German he assumes that since the Jews wrote the Old Testament, theirs is the correct canon; he puts the extra 7 apocryphal books in the appendix
Old Testament (46)
Pentateuch (5) Historical (16) Wisdom and poetry (7) Prophets (18)
1943 CE
Pope Pius XII allowed scholars to use the Hebrew and Greek texts for subsequent translations
Apocrypha
Protestant Old Testament does not contain seven books, which also called "hidden books"
Deuterocanonical
seven more books written in Greek
Jewish Hebrew Bible (39)
Torah (Law/Pentateuch) Prophets (Neviim) Writings (Ketuviim)
Wisdom and Poetry books
a collection of hymns, poems, proverbs, and stories they use imaginative language to make their points
Catholic/General Epistles (7)
attributed to James, Peter, John and Jude, are called catholic (universal) or general because they are addressed to believing Christians as a general audience rather than to specific individuals or communities
books
began to take shape in the 6th century BCE (the Babylonian exile 587 BCE)
Numbers
census of the people resumption of the desert journey
Leviticus
more legislation and laws contains the "Holiness Code"
three-fold process of bible formation
oral tradition (2000 BCE -- 100 CE) written tradition (10000 BCE -- 110 CE) edited tradition (redaction) (587 BCE -- 120 CE)
edited tradition (redaction) (587 BCE -- 120 BCE)
over the course of time, the scribes and literary people collected various written literature, classified them into different categories, and edited them to apply to those people's time and context
oral tradition (2000 BCE -- 100 CE)
people recounted their experiences with God and passed these stories to their children and grand children, who in turn conveyed these to generations that followed all these were by word of mouth because writing was difficult and not common
Prophets (18)
people who speak God's word you will find words of comfort and promise, and will be challenged to act with justice and mercy
History books
pick up Israelite history from 1250 BCE to 100 BCE -- the Israelites' settling in the promised land, the rise and fall of their kings, their dispersion into exile, and their eventual return of the Promised Land
Prophets
pre-exilic exilic post-exilic Jonah, Daniel
