Chapter 11
organized a march on Washington in 1941 to demand equal pay for black workers
A. Philip Randolph
What was the outcome of D-Day?
All five beaches in France were secured by the Allies.
What events led to the death of Italy's Prime Minister, Benito Mussolini?
Allied forces captured Rome in 1944 and drove German troops away. Italian freedom fighters then executed Mussolini.
Why did the Japanese finally surrender on September 2, 1945?
American forces dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, immediately killing 22,000 Japanese people.
What is appeasement?
Appeasement is a policy of avoiding war with an aggressive nation by giving into its demands.
Which of the following was a key battle of the Pacific?
Battle of Midway
battle in Soviet Union during which German forces froze or starved to death
Battle of Stalingrad
counterattack launched by Germans after the D-Day invasion
Battle of the Bulge
Which fascist leader tried to expand his country's territory by attacking Ethiopia?
Benito Mussolini
fascist Italian leader who allied with Hitler to form the Axis Powers
Benito Mussolini
What Tuskegee Airman later became the first African American general in the U.S. Air Force?
Benjamin O. Davis
What convinced Britain and France to declare war on Germany?
Britain and France pledged to defend Poland if it was attacked. Germany attacked Poland in 1939, causing Britain and France to declare war.
The Allied Powers included the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and ____________. (China/Germany)
China
What was D-Day?
D-Day was the "designated day" when Allied forces invaded France to begin their direct attack on Germany. The battle was fought on five beaches, each one covered with mines and guarded by German soldiers. The battle was huge and was a decisive moment in the war. The Allied victory in D-Day signaled the end of German dominance in Europe.
What American general was forced to retreat from the Philippines in March 1942?
Douglas MacArthur
What new roles did women take on during World War II?
Due to the draft, many women took jobs in factories to fill in for the missing men. They took on jobs traditionally considered "unladylike." Women also served in the military as pilots, medics, and nurses.
In 1935 Italian dictator Benito Mussolini tried to expand Italy's territory by attacking the nation of ____________________ and making it a colony. (Ethiopia/Algeria)
Ethiopia
What is one way that World War II affected the American economy?
Factories ran twenty four hours a day producing military supplies.
True or False Hitler violently overthrew the elected German chancellor in 1933 and quickly seized all government power.
False
True or False Japanese forces defeated the Allies in the Battle of the Coral Sea, allowing them to take over Port Moresby, New Guinea.
False
True or False The Soviets fought to hold on to Stalingrad even after Josef Stalin told them to abandon the city and go to Kursk to reinforce the army there.
False
True or False The first atomic bomb was exploded over Nagasaki in August 1945.
False
True or False The zoot-suit riots occurred in June 1944 when Mexican-American farm workers attacked groups of sailors who jeered at them.
False
What led to the death of Italy's Prime Minister, Benito Mussolini?
Freedom fighters executed Mussolini after German forces fled Italy.
What are some of the reasons why German forces lost the Battle of Stalingrad?
German forces were not prepared for the harsh Russian winter, and Hitler did not send enough supplies or soldiers. Many of the soldiers starved or froze to death, which ultimately led the troop's commander to surrender.
What was the strategy behind the last German offensive at the Battle of the Bulge?
German forces would drive through a weak spot in the Allied lines and capture the city of Antwerp, Belgium.
What indicates that German forces were expecting an invasion of France?
Germans planted mines and stretched barbed wire along the French coastline.
When President Roosevelt died in April 1945, _____________________________ became president. (George Patton/Harry S. Truman)
Harry S. Truman
president who ordered use of atomic bombs on Japan
Harry S. Truman
What action did Hitler take that violated the Treaty of Versailles?
He began to rebuild the German military.
Why did Hitler direct his anger towards intellectuals, Communists, and Jews in the 1930s?
He blamed them for Germany's economic depression and its defeat in World War I.
Why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
He wanted to convince the Japanese to surrender without risking American lives.
Why did A. Philip Randolph organize a march on Washington, D.C., in 1941? Why did he cancel it?
He wanted to protest unfair treatment of African Americans in the workplace. He canceled the march when President Roosevelt issued an order prohibiting racial discrimination in companies producing war goods.
How did Hitler use the Jews as a scapegoat?
Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's defeat in World War I, as well as for their economic hardship after the war.
Why did German troops surrender at the Battle of Stalingrad?
Hitler had not sent enough supplies and soldiers for fighting to continue.
Describe the Allied technique of "island hopping."
Island hopping was a U.S. military strategy based on taking only the islands in the Pacific with strategic value, and ignoring Japanese-held islands with no strategic value. Though costly, this strategy was very effective.
Why was island hopping so important to the Allies' victory in World War II?
It allowed the Allies to isolate Japanese forces on bypassed islands.
Read the quotation below and answer the question that follows. "The cold, the snow, and the darkness were enough to set young nerves on edge. The thud of something as innocuous [harmless] as snow plopping to the ground from a tree branch could be terrifying. Was it snow? Was it maybe a German patrol? Should you fire at the sound and risk giving away your position, or worse, hitting one of your own men? But did the Germans have us surrounded?" —Dave Nutt, quoted in Citizen Soldiers, by Stephen Ambrose What function could this quotation serve in a research paper?
It could bring to life the thought process of an anxious soldier on patrol in unfamiliar territory.
What was the Manhattan Project?
It was a secret program created by Allied scientists to develop an atomic bomb.
What happened during the Battle of Midway?
Japan planned a surprise attack on the Midway Islands in June 1942. American forces were prepared and destroyed several Japanese aircraft carriers, weakening Japanese naval power.
Why was the United States unable to prevent the Japanese advance that led to the Bataan Death March?
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor left the U.S. Pacific Fleet so weakened that American and Filipino soldiers were forced to surrender.
What is the tactic of "kamikaze"?
Kamikaze is a tactic of purposely piloting a plane loaded with explosives into enemy ships. Answers may add that Japanese forces used kamikaze during the Battle of Okinawa.
The Battle of _________________________ in the Philippines was the largest naval battle in history. (Leyte Gulf/the Coral Sea)
Leyte Gulf
What enabled the Americans to communicate with codes that the Japanese could not crack?
Many of the messages were non-decodable because they were spoken by Navajo Indians.
After the United States destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers at the Battle of ___________________, Admiral Nimitz said Pearl Harbor had been partially avenged. (Midway/the Bulge)
Midway
Which fact about the Nazi death camps does Moritz Vegh's account support?
Most children who arrived at the death camps were executed immediately.
Adolf Hitler's National Socialist Party was also known as the _____________ Party. (Axis/Nazi)
Nazi
D-Day landing site where almost 3,000 Allied soldiers were killed or wounded
Omaha Beach
Why was D-Day so important?
Once the French beaches were secured, Allied troops could begin their drive east toward Germany.
How did Harry Truman come to take over as president?
President Roosevelt died of a stroke in April 1945.
Hitler was determined to hold on to _______________ at all costs, fighting a six-month battle that ended with over 1 million Soviets and 800,000 Germans dead. (Leningrad/Stalingrad)
Stalingrad
Why was Joseph Stalin angry with Allied forces in July 1942?
The Allies did not give the Soviet Union enough help in fighting off German attacks.
How did the Allies overcome the problem of German U-boats?
The Allies used sonar, which uses sound waves to detect objects underwater, to find and destroy U-boats.
What was the Bataan Death March?
The Bataan Death March occurred when the Japanese invaded the Philippines and forced 70,000 Filipino and American soldiers to march 63 miles to prison camps. More than 16,000 people died on the march.
What was the Battle of the Bulge?
The Battle of the Bulge occurred in Belgium when German forces, surrounded by Allied lines, attacked Ardennes during a snow storm. As they pushed the Allies back, they created a large bulge in the Allied lines. However, the Allies soon pushed back and crushed the German forces.
What was the result of the Battle of the Coral Sea?
The Japanese assault was halted although there was no clear victor.
What was the Lend-Lease Act?
The Lend-Lease Act was a law which allowed the United States to send military aid to Allied nations.
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee airfield in Alabama. The Airmen flew thousands of successful missions in World War II.
What communication advantages did the U.S. Navy possess during the battles in the Pacific?
The United States had the ability to break Japanese communication codes. Knowing these codes helped Allied forces predict the locations of Japanese forces and plan surprise attacks. Also, the United States used codes that could not be broken by the Japanese. These codes were created and transmitted by Navajo Indians known as "Navajo Code Talkers."
Why was the United States left with the responsibility of rebuilding what had been destroyed during World War II?
The United States was the only nation in the war that had suffered very little destruction on its soil. It was the strongest power left in the world.
What was the War Production Board (WPB)?
The WPB was an American committee that oversaw the transformation of private American factories into military factories that could then produce military vehicles and goods.
Why was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a turning point in World War II?
The attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into the war.
What was Japanese American internment?
The internment of Japanese Americans was a process of forced relocation and imprisonment. More than 100,000 Japanese American citizens were forced to live in isolated internment camps. These citizens lost their jobs, homes, and belongings when they were sent to the camps.
What were the zoot-suit riots?
The zoot suit riots took place in June of 1943, when white mobs attacked Mexican Americans in Los Angeles.
Why did Great Britain and France finally declare war on Germany in September 1939?
They had pledged to defend Poland against Hitler, who attacked it from the West.
What was one role women played in the military during World War II?
They served as nurses in battle areas.
Define totalitarianism and give two examples of totalitarian nations from World War II.
Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government controls every aspect of citizens' lives. Examples can include Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia.
Hitler's rebuilding of the German military violated the
Treaty of Versailles.
True or False Britain and France pledged to defend Poland if Germany attacked it in 1939.
True
True or False During the Holocaust, the Germans forced many Jews into urban centers called ghettos.
True
True or False Half of the Japanese Americans held in U.S. camps during the war were children.
True
True or False In the Battle of El Alamein, the British defeated Germany's Afrika Corps.
True
True or False Unable to stop Japan's advance in the Philippines, U.S. General MacArthur left the islands, while over 70,000 American and Filipino soldiers were taken prisoner by the Japanese.
True
The ______________________ were African-American pilots who flew thousands of successful combat missions in North Africa and Italy. (Tuskegee Airmen/P-40 Bombers)
Tuskegee Airmen
Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II?
U.S. citizens and the government viewed them with suspicion and fear.
Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945, was known as
V-E Day.
What were war bonds, and how did they help the war effort?
War bonds were loans that Americans made to the U.S. government. People who bought war bonds gave the government money it needed to keep up production of war materials. The people who bought war bonds could cash them in 10 years later and get their money back with interest.
In April 1943, Jewish people in the ____________________________ rose up against the Germans, and it took nearly a month for the Nazis to crush the uprising. (Warsaw Ghetto/Treblinka death camp)
Warsaw Ghetto
What happened in the zoot-suit riots?
White mobs attacked Mexican Americans.
policy of avoiding war with an aggressive nation by giving in to its demands
appeasement
The policy of avoiding war with an aggressive nation by giving into its demands is called
appeasement.
In 1942, the War Production Board (WPB)
banned the production of cars so that auto plants could make military equipment.
Which tactic was part of President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill's strategy to defeat the Axis Powers?
building up troops in Great Britain to invade France
The Battle of Stalingrad affected the rest of World War II by
causing the Axis powers to retreat from the Soviet Union, and turning the tide of the war in the East.
Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government
controls every aspect of citizens' lives.
The United States was expected to be responsible for postwar rebuilding because the United States
escaped much destruction and was the strongest power in the world at the time.
extermination of an entire group of people
genocide
Japan planned a large-scale attack against the U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor because it wanted to
give itself time to secure control of East Asia before the U.S. military could respond.
Sonar technology helped the Allied war effort during World War II by
helping Allied ships find and destroy German U-boats.
Japanese Americans known as issei were
immigrants born in Japan.
Executive Order 9066 allowed the government to begin the process of _________________, or forced relocation and imprisonment, of Japanese-Americans. (deportation/internment)
internment
tactic of purposely crashing piloted planes into enemy ships
kamikaze
Kamikaze pilots were different from other military pilots in that they
purposefully crashed their planes into enemy ships.
The Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to
send billions of dollar's worth of supplies to Allied countries.
What was the Holocaust?
the Nazis' attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe
In which country did the Bataan Death March take place?
the Philippines
What is genocide?
the extermination of an entire group of people
Immediately following the attacks of December 7, 1941, Congress
voted to declare war on Japan and enter World War II.
The U.S. Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
was the first peacetime draft in the country's history.
This quotation shows that young Japanese Americans
were extremely excited about joining the United States military.
