chapter 11

all viable microorganisms and viruses

A sterile object is free of which of the following?

uniform populations of like microbes

All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs except which of the following?

microbicidal, Microbistatic

Regarding the use of the terms microbicidal and microbistatic, higher temperatures are usually ____________, whereas lower temperatures are usually ____________.

reproduce

The inability to ___________ even under optimal growth conditions is the practical definition of microbial death.

death point

The lowest temperature that achieves sterilization in a given quantity of broth upon a 10-minute exposure is referred to as the thermal

Food spoilage and disease

The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause?

Temperature

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified __________ is referred to as the thermal death time (TDT).

time

Typically, increases to temperature can result in a reduction in _______ to ensure adequate sterilization by heat.

temperature and length of exposure

What must be considered to ensure adequate sterilization by heat?

sterilization

What process completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms, including viruses, from an object or habitat.

microbicidal

When microbes are treated with temperatures that exceed their maximum growth temperature, the condition is described as which of the following?

Heat

Which is the most prominent among antimicrobial physical agents?

Filtration, heat, radiation

Which of the following are examples of physical agents or mechanical means used to control microbes?

Vegetative states of bacteria and Vegetative states of fungi

Which of the following are the least resistant to moist and dry heat?

Low moisture and very high temperatures

Which of the following describes dry heat?

Selective Barrier

Which of the following describes the main function of the cell membrane?

Autoclave

Which of the following devices would not be used for dry heat conditions?

inability to reproduce

Which of the following is the practical definition of microbial death?

inhibition of microbial activity

Which of the following is the principal benefit of cold treatment?

Proteins and lipids

Which two types of macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane in organisms?

Decontamination

is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.