chapter 11
all viable microorganisms and viruses
A sterile object is free of which of the following?
uniform populations of like microbes
All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs except which of the following?
microbicidal, Microbistatic
Regarding the use of the terms microbicidal and microbistatic, higher temperatures are usually ____________, whereas lower temperatures are usually ____________.
reproduce
The inability to ___________ even under optimal growth conditions is the practical definition of microbial death.
death point
The lowest temperature that achieves sterilization in a given quantity of broth upon a 10-minute exposure is referred to as the thermal
Food spoilage and disease
The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause?
Temperature
The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified __________ is referred to as the thermal death time (TDT).
time
Typically, increases to temperature can result in a reduction in _______ to ensure adequate sterilization by heat.
temperature and length of exposure
What must be considered to ensure adequate sterilization by heat?
sterilization
What process completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms, including viruses, from an object or habitat.
microbicidal
When microbes are treated with temperatures that exceed their maximum growth temperature, the condition is described as which of the following?
Heat
Which is the most prominent among antimicrobial physical agents?
Filtration, heat, radiation
Which of the following are examples of physical agents or mechanical means used to control microbes?
Vegetative states of bacteria and Vegetative states of fungi
Which of the following are the least resistant to moist and dry heat?
Low moisture and very high temperatures
Which of the following describes dry heat?
Selective Barrier
Which of the following describes the main function of the cell membrane?
Autoclave
Which of the following devices would not be used for dry heat conditions?
inability to reproduce
Which of the following is the practical definition of microbial death?
inhibition of microbial activity
Which of the following is the principal benefit of cold treatment?
Proteins and lipids
Which two types of macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane in organisms?
Decontamination
is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.