Milady's Standard Nail Technology

What is a mix ratio?

1 1/2 more liquid that powder

Plicatured Nails

1. "folded nails," or a type of highly curved nail plate 2. caused by injury to the matrix, may be inherited, and often lead to ingrown nails -Pli-Cat-Ured-Nail for highly curved nail plate

Beau's Lines

1. "horizontal" depressions that run across the nail 2. results from injury, illness, stress, or pregnancy

Onychomycosis

1. "ringworm caused by fungus" or a fungal infection 2. whitish patches on the nail that can be scraped off or long yellowish streaks within nail plate -Ony-cho-my-cosis, ringworm caused by fungus

Nail Bed

1. Is the living skin beneath the nail plate or body, that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge. 2. Is supplied with blood vessels: which provides pinkish tones from the lunula and almost to the free edge, and is abundantly rich in nerves that are attached to the nail plate 3. It is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue, called the Bed Epithelium 4. should the nail bed be injured after loss of the nail, the nail will result in a bad form

Onychophagy

1. biting of the nails, deformed nails 2. can be improved by frequent manicures -Ony-Cho-Phagy for biting of the nails

Nail Pterygium

1. damage or abnormal scarring to the eponychium and hyponychium causes the nail plate to stretch skin, but massaging oils or creams helps 2. never push back skin of infected area with an instrument -pterygium, pterygium, for growth of the cuticle, for growth of the cuticle

Bruised Nails

1. dark purplish, varying in color, from maroon to black, spots which are usually caused by injury 2. occurs when a blood clot, or injury to the nail bed, forms under the nail plate, and in some cases, nail will fall off during the healing process 3. application of an artificial nail service to a bruised nail is not recommended

Melanonychia

1. darkening of the finger and toenails or black band under the nail plate 2. caused by increase of pigment cells in matrix -Mela-No-Nichia, darkening of the finger and toenails, between the fourth and fifth toe

Specialized Ligaments

1. forms band of fibrous tissue that attach the nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone 2. its located at the base of the matrix and around the edges of the nail bed

Normal Healthy Nail

1. grows forward; starts at matrix and extend to finger tip 2. is healthy, firm, flexible, and translucent. 3. Nail bed has a pinkish color, smooth surface, curved and unspotted, and without any hollows or wavy ridges. 4. Nail is a horny translucent plate of hard keratin, which serves to protect the tips of fingers and toes.

Matrix

1. is embedded under the skin and is also where the nail forms 2. it will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition(nourished by nerves) and remains healthy 3. injury to the nail matrix can affect the growth of the nail

Onychorrhexis

1. is the term for split or brittle nails 2. caused by injury, excessive use of cuticle solvents, nail polish remover, or rough filing -Ony-Chor-Hexis is the term for brittle nails

Nail Plate

1. it is the most functional portion of the nail and slowly slides on the nail bed as it grows out 2. although it may seem to be made of one piece, it is actually constructed in layers and contains no nerves or blood vessels

Pincer or Trumpet Nails

1. nail plate that has deep or sharp curvature at the free edge; is able to curve on itself 2. caused by curvature at the matrix -Pincer-or-Trumpet deep sharp curve at the free edge

Onychomadesis

1. nail separates and falls off from the nail bed 2. in most cases, it can be traced to a localized infection or minor injury to the matrix bed, if there is no active infection present, a manicure may be performed

Discolored Nails

1. nails turn a variety of colors and may indicate a systemic disorder Ex: nail appears blue in color 2. artificial tips or colored polish can hide the discoloration

Eggshell Nails

1. noticeably fragile thin white nail plate, is more flexible than normal, and curved nails over the free-edge 2. may be caused by diet, illness, or medication

Infected Finger

1. redness, pain, swelling, or pus 2. requires to be referred to a physician

Nail Infections

1. skin bacteria or pseudomonas aeruginosa causes: redness, pain, swelling, pus, or discoloration of the nail plate 2. requires to be referred to a physician

Nail Growth

1. the average rate of growth in the normal adult nail is ⅛ or 1/10 per month 2. children's nails grow more rapidly whereas elders' nails grows more slowly 3. influenced by nutrition, health, and disease; nail typically grows faster in the summer than winter. 4. replacement of the nail takes about 4-6 months.

Nail Folds

1. the folds of palmar skin around the base and sides of the nail of a finger or toe 2. or the deep folds of normal skin surrounding the nail plate

Leukonychia

1. white spots on the nail, or discoloration 2. caused by injury to the base of the nail, air bubbles, or bruise -Leukonychia, white spots on the nail

Lunula

1. whitish half-moon shape at nail base, that touches the eponychium 2. it is the visible part of the matrix

What is the average growth of the nail in adult?

1/10'' per month

How much of a margin should be left between a client's skin and the product to avoid sensitization?

1/16 of an inch

How much of a cap should be left when applying gel to the fingers?

1/16''

What margin should be left around the nail when applying the fabric?

1/16''

A nail tip should cover no more than how much of your natural nail bed?

1/3

What is a stress strip and where is it applied?

1/8'' strip of fabric cut in length and applied to weak point of the nail

When cleaning the whirlpool tubs at the end of the day how long should you let the cleaner circulate for?

10 minutes

If you accidentally cut someone during your manicure, how long do your tools need to soak in the disinfectant for?

10 minutes (or guidelines instructed by manufacturer)

How many layers aprox make up the nail plate?

100

What are the three different types of abrasive grits and what are their classifications?

100 or less- Low, quickly reduces thickness 240 or higher- Fine, buffing, polishing and removing fine scratches 180- Medium, shorten and shape nails

How many watts are in a kilowatt?

1000

What is a kilowatt?

1000 watts

What is the voltage of a normal wall socket?

110 volt

What is the voltage of a car battery?

12 volt

How early should a client arrive to fill out a client consultation form?

15 minutes

How long after a client is late should they be asked to re-book?

15 minutes

What is the water content of the nail?

15-25%

Which abrasive should be used for natural nail recuperation

180-240

What year was the first successful nail lacquer brand marketed?

1932

In what time period did women apply petroleum jelly over their lips for the shiny lips trend?

1940's

How long before the pedicure should the client not shave their legs and why?

2 days. Give you tiny cuts that germs could possibly enter the body if they are present

How long does the activator take to dissipate?

2 minutes

How long will UV lamp stay blue for?

2-3 years

When washing your hands how long should you lather the soap on your hands for?

20 seconds

How many bones make up the human body?

206

What is the required voltage to plug in a dryer or stove?

220 volt

What is the best abrasive grit to use when filing the natural nail?

240

What grit should be used to buff the natural nail plate to prep the nail?

240 or fine buffer

How much thicker is the dermis compared to the epidermis?

25 x

How many dampen dishes are used for a 2 color acrylic application?

3

How can you tell if the plug you are using has a ground wire?

3 prong

After how long will moisture and oil return to the skin

30 minutes

What percentage of a c-curve is natural?

35%

If a lamp has 4 lamps (bulbs) and each of those emits 9 watts then what wattage is the lamp?

36 watts. 9*4=36

Generally how long is a manicure table?

36-48 inches

In total how many coats of polish are applied during a basic manicure service?

4 coats. Base, 2 colour and top coat

What are the different wattages that UV lamp can come in?

4,6,7,8,9

How long do finger nails take to be replaces?

4-6 months

How much of the body's weight do muscles account for?

40%

The nail tip should be at what angle when applying?

45 degree

What is the accepted time between pedicure appointments?

45-50 minutes

How long should a clients feet soak before a pedicure begins?

5 minutes

When you practice deep breathing, how many breaths does it typically take to restore your balance?

5-10

How long should a mask be left on for?

5-10 minutes

When using a callus reducer how long should it be left on for?

5-10 minutes

How long should the tip be held in place to allow the adhesive to dry?

5-10 seconds

What percentage of our body weight is water?

50-70%

When using the brush to clean your nail how long do you scrub them with a brush for?

60 seconds for both, 40 for scrubbing

How often does an alternating current change directions?

60/second

What are some characteristics of blood?

80% water, color change when exposed to carbon dioxide

How much of our skins aging is caused by sun exposure?

80-85%

How long to toe nails take to be replaces?

9-12 months

Of the different types of bacteria that exist which, as nail technicians are we concerned with?

Pathogenic Microorganisms

What is the equipment used to perform a pedicure?

Pedicure station, pedicure stool, foot rest, pedicure cart, electric mitts, terry cloth, paraffin bath

What is the reproductive system?

Performs functions of reproduction in the human race

What protects the heart in the body?

Pericardium

Which massage movement is lifting and squeezing the tissue?

Petrisage

What is paraffin made up of?

Petroleum

What does the skeletal system contain?

Physical foundation of the body, 206 bones connected by moveable and imoveable joints

Good physical posture,walk and movements are very important part of your ___________

Physical presentation, they promote confidence

What is a repair patch and where is it applied?

Piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in the nail

What colours to acrylics come in?

Pink, white and clear but colour additives can be used to make more options

What are some of the colours that acrylics can come in?

Pink, white, milky, transparent, red, blue, green, purple, yellow, orange, brown, jet black,

What is the matrix?

Place where the nail, plate and cells are formed

What are the terry cloth mitts generally used for?

Placed over a clients feet after penetrating condition product and cover have been applied

Having a game plan is the conscious act of...?

Planning your life

What is used to remove products from a container?

Plastic or metal spatula

What are nail tips and what are they made from?

Plastic pre molded nails shaped from a tough polymer made from ABS

Which part of blood is responsible for clotting?

Platelets

Are pigments added to the monomer or the polymer part of the system?

Polymer

The powder portion of the acrylic system is called what?

Polymer

What three factors negatively affect nail growth?

Poor health, disease or injury

What is the nail bed?

Portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge

What is the spinal chord

Portion of the CNS that runs down the brain down to your trunk

What happens during the production of polymer powder?

Powder forms into tiny round beads of slightly varying sizes

What are three things you should never do when mixing disinfectants?

Pre mix large amounts, Letting the disinfectant come in contact with your skin, placing disinfectants in unmarked containers, never use as soap or mouth wash

What are the three parts of a manicure procedure?

Pre-Service procedure, service procedure and post-service procedure

What are viens?

Prevent back flow and brings blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning

What is the job of a base coat?

Prevents polishes from staining and yellowing the nail; improves adhesion of the nail polish

The Ancient Greeks made lavish use of perfumes and cosmetics for grooming, medicinal purposes, and...?

Religious rites

What is the purpose of exfoliating scrubs?

Remove dry and flaky skin and reduce callus

What does a nail dehydrator do?

Remove oil and surface moisture

Why should you keep brush handles, containers and table tops clean and free of dust?

Repeatedly holding these materials will lead to over exposure of dust

What are cells responsible for?

Reproduction and Division

How long should the nails cure under the light for?

Required time by product manufacturer

To achieve success it is important to make a point of relating to others with a conscious feeling of...?

Respect

What are five things you can to do deal with the ups and downs of human relations?

Respond instead of react, talk less/listen more, be attentive, take your own temperature, be yourself

What is the digestive system?

Responsible for breaking down food into nutrients and waste

What is the excretory system responsible for?

Responsible for purifying the body in a waste manor

What polishing alternative can be used to help with ridges?

Ridge Filler

Describe the action of the Supinator muscles in the forearm

Rotates the palm outward

What is the most common nail shape for men?

Round

What is a cross-link monomer similar to?

Rungs on a ladder

What are ridges and how can they be treated?

Running vertically down the length of the natural nail plate are caused by uneven growth of the nails usually a result of age. Carefully buff the nail to reduce the ridges and use a ridge filler.

What does Spirilla cause?

STD, Lime Disease

What is the best brush to use for doing acrylics and why?

Sable hair, oval or round. Sable hair is absorbent of the liquid

Another notable beauty industry achievement in the twentieth century included nail Polish becoming...?

Safer and longer-lasting

When asked to take on more work than you can handle, it is recommended that you...?

Say "no" firmly but kindly and mean it

What are nail forms used for and where are they placed?

Sculpted nails. Placed under the free edge.

What are some agents found in exfoliates?

Sea sand, ground apricot kernels, pumice, quartz, crystals, jojoba beads

What are some benefits to incorporating paraffin into a manicure?

Sealing moisture into the skin

What kind of thoughts can work against your ability to succeed?

Self-critical or negative

Knowing what you want to achieve and keeping yourself on track so that you do eventually achieve your goal involves what?

Self-management

What is pulmonary circulation?

Sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified

How long will it be before the nail enhancement reaches it's full strength

Several days

What are some considerations to keep in mind when doing a client consultation?

Shape of hands, length of fingers, hobbies, type of work, shape of eponychium area

What are the three things that can break the simple polymer chain?

Sharp impact, heavy stress, nail polish, marker ink, food

What is an oligomer and what is it's consistency?

Short chain of monomers not long enough to be a polymer. It is sticky.

What are oligmers?

Short chain of monomers that has had the growth of it's chain haulted before it became a polymer

What is the job of nail clippers?

Shorten free edge quickly and efficiently

What are three things you should be doing on a daily basis to keep yourself clean and hygienic?

Shower, deodorant and brush your teeth

What is the sidewall?

Side of nail plate that grows free of its attachment to the nail fold

How will the correct size tip fit on the finger?

Sidewall to sidewall

Which material will turn transparent when the resin is applied?

Silk

What material can wraps be made of?

Silk, Linen, Fiberglass

What are manicure implements?

Single or multi use tools for completing services

As a nail technician what do we do improperly that puts a lot of strain on our neck, shoulders, back and legs?

Sitting

What is the integumentry system?

Skin

What is the main organ of the integumentry system?

Skin

What is the hyponichium and what is it's purpose?

Skin between the free edge and the finger tip. This forms a protective layer and seal so nothing can enter

What is psoriasis and what are some characteristics of it?

Skin diseases characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back

What are the five characteristics of the skin?

Slightly moist, soft, flexible, with a texture that is idealy smooth and fine grained

What does a round nail look like?

Slightly tapered

What are the nail grooves?

Slits or furrows on the sides of the nail

What is a vesicle?

Small blister containing clear fluid

What is a mole?

Small brownish spot or blemish on the skin

What is the fibula and where is it located?

Smaller of two bones that form the leg below the knee. Little toe side.

Why should you be aware of the skin as a nail technician?

So you can refer clients with inflamed skin conditions, diseases and infectious skin disorders to a physician

How are acrylics removed?

Soaked off in acetone

What should a foot soak do to the feet?

Soften the skin

How do catalyst's work?

Some use heat some use light

Use primer __________

Sparingly

What is a UV lamp and what is it also known as?

Special bulb that emits rays to cure a UV gel enhancement

What is the job of toe nail clippers?

Specifically designed to shorten toe nails

What is onycoehexxis?

Split or brittle nails that also have a series of length wise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate

Onychorrhexis

Splitting and brittle nails, caused by injury, excessive use of cuticle solvents, nail polish remover, or rough filing

What is a macule?

Spot/discoloration on skin

What does a squoval nail look like?

Square but the corners of the free edge are rounded/smoothed

What material should a basin be made of?

Stainless steel or ceramic

What are the most common human bacteria that can be picked up from door knobs, counter tops, dirty implements and other surfaces?

Staphylococci

In which layer of the epidermis are the cells dying and are pushed up to the surface of the skin to be replaced?

Statum geanulosum

What is the 3 work procedure for applying a nail tip

Stock, Rock and Hold

What is the pedicure cart used for?

Storing and keeping supplies organized

What can stress on our body cause?

Strain or injury

Which layer of the epidermis is also known as the horny layer?

Stratum corneum

The salon is a highly social atmosphere that requires which qualities in a person?

Strong self-discipline and excellent people skills

What is Myology?

Study of structure, function and disease of the muscle

What is an insulator and what are some examples?

Substance that does not conduct electricity, an example is wood.

What is a primer?

Substance that improves adhesion

What is a catalyst?

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Which season do nails grow fastest in?

Summer

What are some things that water can do for our body?

Sustains the health of the cells, aids in the elimination of toxins and waste, helps regulate the body's temperature and aids in proper digestion

What are the exocrine glands and what are some examples.

Sweat glands, release toxins and hormones

What type of bristles does a gel brush have?

Synthetic

What does Bacilli cause?

TB, Tetanus, Typhoid Fever

What is the inhibition layer?

Tacky surface left on a nail after UV has cured.

Procrastination may be a symptom of..?

Taking on too much

One of the recommended ways to manage your own success is to?

Tap into your own creativity

How many bones make up the foot and how many are broken down?

Tarsal - 7 (Ankle), Metacarsal, Phalanges

What are lentigenes?

Technical term for freckles

What is a verruca

Technical term for wart, hypertrophy of the papillary epidermis

What does the term maintenance mean?

Term used when the nail enhancement needs to be serviced after 2 or more weeks

When studying, it is recommended that you study one chapter section at a time, noting key phrases, and....?

Test yourself on each section to ensure comprehension

What is the myth surrounding nail enhancements?

That you need to rough up the natural nail first

When did hot oil manicures first become the ultimate luxury in nail and hand care?

The 1950's

When were the first monomer liquid and polymer powder nail services offered by nail technicians?

The 1970's

When did the use of spray guns to apply monomer liquid nail colors become common?

The 1990's

Who were the first people to use cosmetics to prepare the deceased for burial?

The Egyptians

Which ancient culture built elaborate baths and developed excellent methods of dressing the hair?

The Greeks

Describe Cardiac Muscle

The Heart

During which period was the use of highly colored preparations for the lips, cheeks, eyes, and nails discouraged?

The Renaissance

Which period immediately followed the Middle Ages?

The Renaissance

What is communication?

The act of successfully sharing information between groups so it is effectively understood

What is skin our only barrier against?

The envrioment

What are the nails small mirrors of?

The general health of the entire body

Why should the bowl of acetone be placed inside a larger bowl with hot water when doing acrylic removal?

The heat speeds up the removal process by working with the acetone

Define: Infection

The invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogenic bacteria

Which part of the nail did nail technicians commonly leave free of Polish in the 1950's?

The moon

What is electricity?

The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy

What is overexposure?

The principal that says over exposure determines toxicity. The idea that everything is toxic. Be careful what you repeatedly expose your skin to.

Define: Sterilization

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

What can cause onycholsis?

The result of physical injury, trauma or allergic reaction to the nail bed

What will happen if the enhancements are filed too aggressively during the one colour method

The seal can be broken because they are too thin

What is onychmadesis?

The separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed

What is the largest organ in the body?

The skin

What is ergonomics?

The study of how workplace tools should be designed for maximum comfort and efficiency and productivity

Define: Anatomy

The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye

In the 1960's, where did the nails from nail technicians' "nail banks" typically come from?

Their clients

What are multi use implements and what are they usually made from.

These are implements that can be sterilized, and usually made from stainless steel

Are gels, acrylics, wraps or tips the best thing for your nails?

They are all equal

What is the myth surrounding leukonychia spots?

They are not caused by a vitamin or mineral deficiency

What are some benefits to using non-acid primers?

They are not corrosive to the skin

How often should nail enhancements be removed?

They are not designed to come off more than 1-2 times per year

Why are white towels the best to use when doing manicure services?

They can be bleached between use, and you can tell they are clean

What do melanocytes produce?

They produce a dark skin pigment, called melanin which helps to protect the sensitive cells in the dermis below from the destructive effects of excessive UV light or sun

What are federal agencies responsible for when regulating the practice for nail technology?

They set guidelines for the manufacturing, sale and use of equipment and chemical ingredients and are responsible for safety in the work place

What are the initiator and are they added to monomer or polymer?

They start a chain reaction that leads to the creation of very long polymer chains

What are arteries?

Thick walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

In the 1960's, nail technicians reaffixed detached nail tips and reinforced them with what?

Thin strands of cotton

What does it mean to be a problem solver?

Think of a solution for the problem before asking someone for help

What is the technical term for athletes foot?

Tinea Pedis

What is melanin and what does it do?

Tiny grains of pigment deposited into cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and the papillary layers of the dermis, helps to protect sensitive cells against UV light and Sun

What is nail psoriasis?

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate

What are capillaries?

Tiny, thin walled vessels that bring nutrients to the cell

What tool is used to shorten nail tips?

Tip Cutter

What does a pointed nail look like?

Tip is tapered to a point

What does the nail plate protect?

Tips of the fingers and toes

What is adipose tissue responsible for?

Tissues that gives smoothness and contour to the body

What is the primary purpose of goal setting?

To help you decide what you want to achieve in life

Where did Ancient Greek women apply kohl?

To their eyes

Why should a large brush be avoided when doing acrylic nails?

Too much liquid can effect the ratio of the monomer to polymer

What are single use implements?

Tools that can not be properly cleaned and need to be thrown away after each client

What should be included in your hygiene pack?

Toothbrush and Toothpaste, dental floss, mints, deodorant

How many molecules need to react to make 1 sculptures nail?

Trillions

What is the job of nippers?

Trim away dead skin from around the nails

What are two types of disinfectants that are used in salons?

Tuberculocidal Disinfectant and Hospital Disinfectant

What are the 3 types of nail adhesive bottles?

Tubes, brush on and resin drop applicator

What are UV gels?

Type of nail enhancement that harden under a UV light

Which gel can be used as a finishing gel, a sealer gel or a shine gel?

UV Gel Gloss

What kind of enhancements do acrylates make?

UV Gels

What can you place over a UV gel polish to create a high shine

UV gel gloss

Which of the UV rays causes aging?

UVA light

Which of the UV rays causes burning of the skin?

UVB light

What is the nail extension underside?

Under side of the nail extension

What does UL stand for?

Underwriter Laboratory

What is reflexology and it's principals?

Unique method of applying pressure with the thumb and index fingers. All feet and hands correspond with organs or part of the body which can send positive energy.

What is a volt?

Unit that measures pressure or force of electrons through a conductor

Where is the soleus located and what is it responsible for?

Upper fibia, bends foot down

What are the main ingredients that are used to create UV gel nail enhancements?

Urethane acrylate and urethane methacrylate

What is a building gel?

Used to build the arch and cure of the fingernail. Thick in viscosity

What are plasticizers?

Used to keep products flexible

What is the job of a nail brush?

Used to remove debris from nail plate and to scrub implements

What is a nail dehydrator?

Used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil

How are gels packaged to protect them from UV lughts?

Dark pots

Bruised Nails

Dark purplish spots; usually due to injury

What is melanoychia and who does it normally affect?

Darkening of the fingernails or toes and it affects African Americans

Melanonychia

Darkening or the finger toes or nails, caused by increase pigment cells in matrix

What is cuticle?

Dead colorless tissue on the nail plate

What is the job of cuticle?

Deal the space between the natural nail and the living skin to prevent entry of foreign material

How is the oil removed from the natural nail plate before a service begins?

Dehydrator

What should you tell your client if they come in and have problem feet and it will taken longer time to do their pedicure?

Do the best you can and get client to schedule another service to keep their feet in tip top shape

What are the four types of nail technology tools that are incorperated into a manicure?

Equipment, Implements, Materials, Professional Cosmetic Nail Care Products

Modern manicuring implements now incorporate what?

Ergonomic designs and enhanced workmanship

What kind of chair should the nail technician have?

Ergonomic, comfortable, durability, ease of cleaning

If a product is considered odorless what does it not contain?

Ethyl Acrylic

How do base coats, top coats and nail polishes dry?

Evaporation

What material are toe separators made from and are they re-useable?

Foam or cloth, and they are not re-useable

Plicatured Nails

Folded nails, a type of highly curved nail plate, caused by injury to the matrix, may be inherited, often lead to ingrown nails

The Roman philosopher Plantius is credited with comparing a woman without paint (cosmetics) to...?

Food without salt

What is another name for the whirl pool bath pedicure chairs?

Foot Bath

Jean Harlow and who else helped glamorize the hip new nail lacquer trend in the 1930's by wearing matching colors on fingers and toes?

Gloria Swanson

In the early 21st century, UV gel enhancements...?

Grew by leaps and bounds

What did Ancient Greek women apply to their lips to add color?

Ground cinnabar

What is the endocrine system?

Group of glands that affects specialized growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body

What is HIV and what disease does it cause?

HIV is a disease that causes aquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Leads to AIDS.

What are the four appendages of the skin?

Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

Which of teh 2 gels can not be removed with acetone?

Hard UV gels

What is the natural nail?

Hard protective plate located at the edge of the finger or toe

What is the nail plate?

Hardened keratin plate that sits and slowly slides across the nail bed

Define: Non-Pathogenic Bacteria

Harmless organisms that may perform helpful functions

The important thing to remember about goal setting is to....?

Have a plan and reexamine it

One recommended way to keep your energy up is to...?

Have hobbies and enjoy recreational activities

What is the purposed of the bed epithelium?

Helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows

When removing the enhancements and soaking the fingers in a bowl of acetone, why should you cover the bowl with a terry cloth towel?

Helps minimize acetone vapors

What did Ancient Egyptians use to stain their hair and nails to a rich, warm red.

Henna Paste

Of the three types of hepatitis which is most difficult to kill and which should we get vaccinated against?

Hepatitis B

What is the urethane chemical family known for

High abrasion and durability resistance

Having good life skills help build which quality, which helps you achieve your goals?

High self esteem

Why should acetone be kept away from flames?

Highly flammable

What is the purpose of the dampen dish

Hold the monomer and polymer. Narrow base for less fume release

Briefly describe the post service portion of the pedicure service

Home care, re-booking, payment, prepare for next client

HOw does pregnancy affect nail growth?

Hormones changes make them rapidly grow in the third trimester

When shopping for work clothes what should you visualize?

How do you want to look while performing professional services

What is unit wattage?

How much electricity the unit uses

What will have a big influence on whether or not you will be successful as a nail technician?

How you look and present yourself

Where should disinfectants never be used?

Human skin, hair or nails

What are the three bones that make up the arm, and where are they located?

Humerous- Larges bone extending from elbow to shoulder. Ulna- Inner large bone of forearm (Pinky Side) Radius- Smaller bone in forearm (Tumb Side)

What is an example of a long-term goal?

I will work my way up to salon manager within 3 to 5 years

How can agnails be treated?

If no cuts or infection a hot oil can help, or trim the dead skin being careful not to cut the living skin

How are fabric wraps removed?

Immerse nail fully in acetone, wait for nail wrap to melt away. Then gently slide away softened wrap

What conditions cause eggshell nails?

Improper diet, hereditary factors, internal disease or medication

What is the purpose of a nail hardener?

Improve surface hardness or durability of weak or thin nails

What is the job of nail hardener?

Improves surface hardness or durability of weak nail plates

How can you identify a typical bacteria infection?

In the early stages as a yellowish green spot that becomes darker as it advances in stages

Why should you maintain boundaries at work?

It's someones place of business that should be treated respectfully

What is a wheal?

Itchy, swollen lesion, only lasts a few hours (bug bite)

Who invented the first ridgefiller?

Jeff Pink

Which of the following is credited with establishing the biweekly nail appointment?

Juliette wraps

What are toe separators used for?

Keep toes separated during polish

What are five things to do to maintain good posture?

Keep your neck elongated, lift upper body (don't slouch), hold your shoulders level and relaxes, sit with your back straight, pull in your abdomen so that it is flat, balance your head

What is nail composed of?

Keratin

What is one-thousandth of an ampre called?

Kilowatt

What are three bad habits that can keep you from maintaining peak performance?

Lack of game plan, seeking perfectionism, and procrastination

What is a bulla?

Large blister containing watery fluid

What is the tibia and where is it located?

Larger, lower leg, big toe side

Describe the characteristic of the brain

Largest most complex nerve tissues of the body, weighs less than 3 lbs, it controls the senses, sends and receives messages through 12 sets of cranial nerves

What are the four muscles that attache the arms to the body?

Latissimusdorsi, Pectoralis Major, Serratus Anterior, Trapezius

Ridges

Lengthwise ridges caused by nail growth

What is a scar?

Light colored, slightly raised, formed after an injury

What is the benefit of using a clear form when doing UV gels

Light will get to the underside of the gel

Which material is the strongest for a nail wrap?

Linen

What is reflective listening?

Listening to the client then repeat in your own words what they discussed to be clear

When applying the tips what finger on what hand should you begin with?

Little finger left hand

Which finger should you begin with when cleaning the client's nails?

Little finger right hand

Gel nails have what advantage?

Little to no odour

What is the eponychium?

Living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix

What are the two basic types of goals?

Long-term and short-term

What does an oval nail look like?

Longer nail, similar to round

What kind of shoes should you wear at work?

Low heel and good arch support

Where is the gastrocnemius located and what is it responsible for?

Lower rear surface of the heel, pulls the foot down

What is the visible part of the matrix called?

Lunula

Which components make p the lymph vascular system?

Lymph, Lymph Nodes

What causes beau's lines?

Major illness or injury that has traumatized the body such as pneumonia, adverse drug reaction, surgery, ect..

What are some examples of manicure equipment?

Manicure table, adjustable lamp, chairs, gloves

What is a massage?

Manipulating soft tissues in the body

What is a lesion?

Mark in the skin

What are some ways that muscles can be stimulated?

Massage, Electric Current, Infared Light, Dry Heat, Moist Heat, Nerve Impulses

Why are toe nails thicker and harder than fingernails?

Matrix is longer

What is electricity not and why?

Matter. Because it has no mass or volume

The first non caking, non cracking makeup was marketed to movie stars by?

Max Factor

What is a watt?

Measurement of how much electric energy is being used

Which bead is ideal for acrylic nails?

Medium

What are situations in which a client should not be worked on?

A client who's ail or skin is infected, inflamed, broken or swollen

What are bruised nails?

A condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate forming a dark purplish spot

Define: Inflammation

A condition in which part of the body reacts to protect itself from injury, irritation or infection

What are agnails?

A condition in which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears

Define: Hepatitis

A disease that damages the liver. There are three types: A, B and C

What is collagen?

A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength

What is onychomycosis?

A fungal infection of the nail plate

Who should repair electrical wires?

A licensed electrician

What is a cross-link monomer?

A monomer that joins different polymers

What is a virus and what are some illnesses that can be caused by this?

A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects the cells of a biological organism. Common cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, small pox

What is a dermatologist?

A physician engaged in the practice of treating the skin, its structures, functions and diseases

To become a medical nail technician, you are required to take specialty course and complete an internship under the direction of who?

A podiatrist or physician

One guideline for success suggests that you practice doing whatever helps you maintain

A positive self-image

What is elastin?

A protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue

What is a pedicure?

A service on the foot performed by a licensed professional, trim and shape nails, massage, polish and exfoliation

What is pyrogenic granuloma?

A severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

What is an excoriation?

A sore/abrasion produced by a scratch

What is a conductor and what is an example?

A substance that conducts electricity, an example is water.

What are the two muscles of the hand and what are they responsible for?

Abductors- Seperate Fingers Adductors- Draws the fingers together

What is a hypertrophy of the skin?

Abnormal growth of the skin

What is dermatitis?

Abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin

What are the three ways that acrylics can be applied

Abrasives, nail forms and nail tips

What is make up used for?

Accentuate your good features and minimalism your bad ones

What is the patella?

Accessory bone, forms the knee cap.

If you do not have the cleanser from the manufacturer what can be used?

Acetone

Of the two types of remover which acts faster?

Acetone

What are three types of primers?

Acid based, non-acid and acid free

What is keratoma and can we work on it?

Acquired and protective, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis commonly known as callous. Textbook says do not work on this.

What family do the UV gels belong do?

Acrylates

What kind of enhancements do methacrylate's make?

Acrylics

What nail enhancements are made from cross linkers?

Acrylics or Gel

What is a catalyst?

Action or substance that is used to speed up a reaction

What does a nail primer do?

Acts as a sticky base for adhering enhancements

What is the procedure for properly mixing disinfectants?

Add disinfectant to water

What are catalysts and are they added to the monomer or the polymer?

Added to the monomer, designed to speed up chemical reaction and initiators

What are tips used for?

Adhered to natural nail for additional length

What is a nail wrap?

Adhering fabric to natural nail to increase strength and durability

What are the steps of the post service care for acrylics?

Advise and promote products, schedule next appointment, thank client, prepare work are and implements for next client

If you are wearing gloves for a service, how often should you change them?

After each service, even if it is the same client

How often should pedicure basins be cleaned and disinfected?

After every service

What four things can affect collagen production?

Age, lack of moisture, environmental damage or frequent changes in weight

What is the purpose of the lymph vascular system?

Aids blood system by providing lymph

What are the three viscosities that gel come in?

Medium, thick and building

What is the job of a nail rasp?

Metal file; used to file in one direction only and used for under the free edge of the big toe

What is massage?

Method of manipulating the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading and tapping

What are fungi and what is the best way to prevent the spread of it in the salon and where is it most commonly found on the body?

Microscopic plant paracites to prevent the spread of disease of all disposable items, sanitize and sterilize all multi use items. Fungi is most commonly found on the feet.

What are oligmers similar to?

Microwave dinner, partially cooked.

How long will traditional acrylics take to harden before they can be filed and shaped

Minutes

What are the two factors to consider when choosing a disinfectant?

Mixing ratio and contact time

What are fumes?

Mixture of soot like particles and vapors

In the 1960's,detached nail tips were reaffirmed with...?

Model airplane glue

What are lotions or creams used for?

Moisturize skin and feet, soften callus, provide slip for massage

Why should nail oil be applied to the nails after maintenance?

Moisturize the skin

What are monomers?

Molecules that make up polymers

The liquid portion of the acrylic system is called what?

Monomer

What two products are combined to make acrylic nails?

Monomer liquid and polymer powder

One notable achievement of the twentieth century included the fact that nail technicians had...?

More clients than ever

What are the different types of joints in the body?

Moveable and Imoveable

Describe the action of the extensor muscles in the fore arm.

Muscles that straighten out the wrist

Describe the action of the Pronator muscles in the forearm

Muscles that turn the palm inward

What does the textbook say about the use of gloves?

Must be worn while performing a pedicure

Can the remaining monomer be poured back into the original containers?

NO

What is the difference between acetone and non-acetone polish remover?

Nail Polish Remover- designed to dissolve and remove nail polish. Acetone- works quickly and eats false nails. It dries the skin.

What is the bonding agent used to secure the tip to the natural nail called?

Nail Tip Adhesive

Nail Unit Basic Parts

Nail bed, Matrix, Cuticle, Nail plate, Eponychium, Nail fold, Hyponychium, and Specialized ligaments

A _____________ temporarily removes surface moisture from the nail plate

Nail dehydrator

What materials are needed for a 1 color acrylic application over tips or a natural nail?

Nail dehydrator, nail primer, monomer, polymer, abrasives, application brushes, dampen dishes

What will happen if too little powder is used to make a bead.

Nail enhancement could become weak or discolored

Not properly preparing the nail can cause what two things?

Nail enhancement product lifting and Nail Infection

What products are non-toxic?

All products on earth are toxic

Before you begin studying, you should find a comfortable, quiet spot with sufficient lighting and...?

All the tools you need such as books, pens, paper, and computer

Define: Disease

An abnormal condition of a part of the body, organ or mind that makes it incapable of carrying out normal function

What is nail pterygium and which parts of the nail does it affect?

An abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate

What is wrap resin accelerator?

An activator that acts as the dryer and speeds up the hardening process

What is the job of a curette?

An implement with a small scoop shaped end that allows for more efficient removal of debris from nail folds

What causes increased curvature in nails?

An increased curvature of the matrix

What is onychia?

An inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate

Time management experts agree that all of us have...?

An inner organizer

Perfectionism is...?

An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly

What are the two phases of cell metabolism?

Anabolism, Catabolism

Which part of the nail should be the thickest?

Apex/ Arch

What are three things that salon owners view that are just as important as your technical skills?

Appearance, personality and poise

How are callus softeners used?

Applied and left on the pressure points of the feet as directed then calluses are more easily removed with the paddles

What is the job of top coat?

Applied to prevent chipping and to add shine to the finished nail

What is replaced during a 2 week maintenance on a nail wrap?

Apply new product to the growth of the nail

What is the job of nail bleach?

Apply to nail plate to remove yellow surface discoloration and stains

What is used to clean the manicure tables?

Approved disinfectants

What can you buy to protect your clothes from getting dirty at work?

Apron/ Smock or Lab Coat

What is the apex or the arch of the nail and where is it located?

Area with all of the strength. Located center of the nail where is ovals and curves

What is aromatherapy and why is it incorporated into a massage?

Aromatherapy is the use of highly concentrated oils for the therapeutic use

Which muscle causes goose bumps?

Arrector pili muscles

How should nail conditioners be used?

As directed by manufacturer

How many plugs should be used per outlet?

As many as provided

What is the universal precaution for dealing with blood?

Assume all blood and or body fluids are infected

What are the ABCDE's of skin cancer?

Asymmetry, Border Irregularity, Colour, Diameter, Evolution

If you use paper to do the fabric wrap how often should the paper be replaced?

At each new service

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (APPS)

Attachment, Protection, Produces Red & White Blood Cells, Stores Calcium

What is the most effective method of sterilization?

Autoclave

What is a reflex?

Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves movement of an impulse

When opening the nail adhesive where should the bottle be pointed?

Away from your face and away from the face of your client

What happens during the inactive stage of bacterial growth?

Bacteria coat themselves with wax outer shells that are able to withstand famine, dryness, and unsustainable temperatures. Bacteria will not respond to a disinfectant during this stage.

Define: Pathogenic Bacteria

Bacteria considered harmful, may cause disease or infection when they invade the body

What happens during the active stage of bacterial growth?

Bacteria will grow and reproduce

What are four types of harmful organisms that we as nail technicians are concerned with?

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Paracites

What must a disinfectant used in a salon be effective against?

Bacteria, Fungus & Viruses

What is the most serious form of skin cancer?

Basal Cell Carcinoma

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Basal Cell Layer, Stratum Spinosum, Statum granulosum, Statum Lucidum, Statum corneum, Statum germinativium

Which parts of the nail should be the thinnest when applying acrylic?

Base of the nail plate by cuticle

When handling a scheduling mix up, what is the #1 thing to remember?

Be polite, and never argue about who is correct

Why is the nail pinkish in colour?

Because it is richly supplied with blood vessels

Why is callous important?

Because it prevents damage to the underlying skin

Why does a school have a release form and a salon does not?

Because the people providing the services in a school are not licensed. This protects the school and the client from legal actions.

Why is fungus a concern to salons?

Because they are contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated implements

When can a hardener be applied to the nails?

Before base coat

How often should a consultation be performed?

Before each service

Where does onycholsis begin and move toward?

Beginning at the free edge and continuing towards the lunula area

What are the extensor digitorum longus responsible for?

Bends foot and extends toes

What is the peronus brevis responsible for?

Bends foot down and out

What is the initiator that is added to the polymer powder?

Benzol Peroxide

Where is the most common place for a nail technician to get contact dermatitis?

Between the thumb and pointer finger

What are the three muscles of the upper arm and shoulders?

Bicep, Deltoid, and Tricep

What would Victorian women do to induce natural lip color?

Bite their lips

Onychophagy

Biting of the nails, can be improved by frequent manicures

Which system contains the heart, arteries, viens and capillaries?

Blood Vascular System

What nourishes the skin?

Blood supplies, nutrients and oxygen

Which of the following services is commonly offered by day spas, but not full-service salons?

Body services

What should you do if you have a habitually late client?

Book them for 2:30 but tell them their appointment is at 2:00

Are colored gels self leveling or builder gels

Both

The pedicure basin that a nail technician uses should be big enough to immerse what?

Both feet

Describe the central nervous system branch of the nervous system

Brain, Spinal Chord, Spinal and cranium nerves

What is the respiratory system?

Breathing

How are resins sold?

Brush on, bottle, pump, spray on, aresol

What are the different ways to finish a men's manicure?

Buffed, clear gloss, dull clear coat

Nail Buffer

Buffers used to be made with a chamois cover, but new disposable materials have replaced them. two-or-three-way buffers are used to add shine to the nail and to smooth out corrugations or wavy ridges.

What features should a pedicure chair and footrest have?

Built in foot rest, low to the ground, wheels

What causes onycoehexxis?

By injury to the matrix, excessive use of cuticle remover, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques or hereditary

What causes splinter hemorrhages?

By physical trauma or injury to the nail bed which damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow

How is onycoehexxis treated?

By softening the nails with conditioning treatment

How should appliances be disconnected from the wall?

By the plug

Beau's Lines

Depressions that run across the nail, result from illness, injury, stress, or pregnancy

What does a paraffin bath stimulate?

Circulation and deep heat

What are the eleven body systems? (DR IMI SCREEN)

Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, Integumentary, Lymphatic/Immune, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory and Skeletal

Which conditions require a doctors permission before massage can be performed?

Circulatory, blood or heart problems

For the two colour UV gel application what is done after pushing back the eponychium?

Clean and dehydrate the fingernail

Briefly describe the pre service portion of a pedicure

Clean tools, meet client, greet them, set up table, escort client to pedicure station

What are the three levels of decontamination

Cleaning, Sterilization, Sanitation

What are hospital disinfectants effective for cleaning?

Cleans bodily fluids in hospitals and non-porus surfaces in the salon.

What is the job of a wooden pusher?

Cleans under free edge or applies product

What is lymph?

Clear fluid that circulates the lymphatics, helps take away waste and impurities

What are some things you could have on hand while doing a consultation?

Clippings from beauty magazines, your nail portfolio, any visual tools for nail extensions or false nails, chart with different shapes, before and after pictures

What are the three classifications of bacteria?

Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla

What two structures make up 70% of the dermis?

Collogen and elastin

What is the job of an abrasive nail file?

Come in different types and grits. The lower the number the more abrasive it is, used to shorten the nails.

What should a pedicure station include?

Comfy chair for client (arm and foot rest), ergonomic chair for a professional

What are some of the most common contagious diseases?

Common cold, rung worm, conjunctivitis, viral infection, natural nail/toe/food infections

In addition to technical and artistic skills which other skill should you master to have a thriving clientelle?

Communication

What does a square nail look like?

Completely straight across, no rounded edges.

What is grounding?

Completing electrical circuit and carrying current away

What is chloasma?

Condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin or dark spots that are not elevated

What are the five different types of body tissue?

Connective, Adipose, Epithelial, Muscle and Nerve

What is the job of the specialized ligaments?

Connects bones or holds an organ in place

Describe the peripheral branch of the nervous system

Connects to outer parts of the body

Describe Stirated Muscle

Consciously controlled and attached to bones

What is a professional image?

Consistent with the image of the salon, image projection to other people in the profession

When a disease is spread from one person to another, what is it said to be?

Contagious

What is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, it's nature, structure, functions, diseases and treatments called?

Dermatology

What does the term viscosity mean?

Describes the thickness

What is nail oil?

Designed to absorb into the nail plate to enhance flexibility and moisten/soften surrounding skin

What is the job of a metal pusher?

Designed to gently scrape tissue from the natural nail plate

What is nail cream?

Designed to seal the surface of the skin and hold moisture

What is the purpose of an electrical nail polish dryer?

Designed to shorten the amount of time a client waits for their nails to dry

What is the job of a foot file or paddle?

Designed to smooth foot calluses that come in different grits and shapes

What is a fuse?

Device that prevents blow outs or melting of a circut

As a nail technician what are we NOT allowed to do?

Diagnose someone with a disease

Which level of decontamination will destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses but not spores?

Disinfecting

Once your implements have been cleaned with soap and water what is the next step?

Disinfection

Why do natural nails appear thinner when acrylics are removed and how long before they will return to "normal"?

Nail is very moist from having acrylic on it. In 24 hours when it dries out it'll go back to normal

A new, opaque paint being produced for the automobile industry inspired the introduction of mass marketed....?

Nail lacquers

Which part of the nail should a primer be applied to?

Nail plate

Pincer or Trumpet Nails

Nail plate having deep or sharp curvature at the free edge, caused by curvature at matrix, nail may curl on itself

What on our body is made from crosslinking monomers?

Nail plates and hair

Which term refers to the art and science of beautifying and improving the nails and skin of the hands and feet?

Nail technology

Which practice was closely tied to social status during the Chou Dynasty?

Nail tinting

Discolored Nails

Nails turn a variety of colr, may indicate systemic disorders

What information should be on a clients record card?

Name, Phone Number, Client Email, History, Preferences, Care Routine, Any Medical Issues/Concerns or Allergies

What are the 2 different types of immunity and how do we get them?

Natural Immunity- Partial Inheritance, partial development. Aquired Immunity- Develops after overcoming a disease, vaccination

The 1990's ushered in a huge resurgence in pedicure services and...?

Natural manicures

What is the scientific study of the nervous system called?

Neurology

What are the types of nerves?

Neuron, Axon, Nerves

What are some examples of multi-use tools?

Nippers, Sheers, Pushers, Some Nail Files, Bits, Buffers

If you wear gloves when working what kind should they be?

Nitrile

What is the best type of gloves to wear?

Nitrile

If you have bad breath or dirty clothes, will a client return to you for future services?

No

Is Eczema contagious?

No

Is nail psoriasis contagious?

No

Is psoriasis contagious?

No

How does your pedicure change if your client is a diabetic or on blood thinning medication?

No nipping or blading

Is it okay to leave your client unattended when she is attached to a machine?

No!

If a client is wearing nail polish over fabric wraps what is the best type of remover to use?

Non-acetone

Is smoky eye makeup appropriate for work at a day spa?

Not really, no

Eggshell Nails

Noticeably thin, white nail plate thats more flexible than normal, may be caused by diet, illness, or medication

What are egg shell nails?

Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are much more flexible than normal. Normally weaker and curve over free edge.

What are the three parts that make up cells?

Nucleus, Cytoplasm and Cell Membrane

What three factors affect growth of the nail plate?

Nutrition, exercise and general health

What is blood?

Nutritive fluid that circulates through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients

Who are the OSHA and what department do they belong to?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, belonging to the U.S Department of Labor

What measures the resistance of an electric current?

Ohm

What is the best way to reduce water loss and improve flexibility?

Oil based conditioner

What substance will prevent proper adhesion?

Oils, waxes and soil

What type of benefits most from primers?

Oily

How long should your personal mission statement be?

One to two sentences

What can nail wraps be used for?

One type of overlay for artificial tips, or repair of natural nail

What is a direct current and what are some appliances that use it?

One way current. Anything battery powered

What is the technical term for ingrown nails?

Onychocryptosis

What is the technical term for bitten nails?

Onychopagy

What is a deformity or disease of the nail called

Onychosis

What is the technical term for nail?

Onyx

What kind of shoes should your client wear for their pedicure?

Open toed

What is the purpose of paraffin?

Opening the pores to soak in moisture

What is used to push off the softened acrylic from the nail beds?

Orangewood stick

All nail enhancements are made from __________ substances

Organic

What are the three parts of a muscle

Orgin, Insertion and Belly

What is the study of bones called?

Ostology

How will allergic reactions be caused by primer?

Over exposure to the skin or repeated exposure

When the fabric wrap is applied to the nail, where should the resin be applied?

Over the fabric fully penetrating and not touching the skin

Where is the smile line located in a 2 colour method gel application?

Over the tip and along the sidewalls

Time management experts recommend that you give yourself some downtime whenever you are frustrated, worried, feeling guilty about something, or....?

Overwhelmed

What is a circuit breaker?

Panel of switches

Which layer of skin contains nerve endings but no blood vessels?

Pappilary Layer

What are the two layers of the dermis called and which is deepest?

Pappilary layer and reticular layer. Reticular is the deeper of the two.

What is fungus?

Parasites which under some circumstances may cause infection to the feet and hands

What is a bacterial infection of the tissue surrounding the nail?

Paronychia

What are three different types of wells?

Partial well, full well and well-less

What are vapors and what substances form vapors?

Vapors are formed when liquids evaporate into the air. Any room temperature substance will cause vapors.

How can pink and white gels be formulated?

Variety of viscosity, colors and opacities

What is a client consultation and when should it happen?

Verbal communication with a client to determine the desired result of a service, this takes place before each service.

What are beau's lines?

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate

Which vitamin improves the skins elasticity and thickness?

Vitamin A

Which vitamin is needed for the proper repair of skin and tissue and can also reduce severity of the common cold?

Vitamin C

Which vitamin helps with absorption of calcium and can be found in milk?

Vitamin D

What are some things that can be done to prevent Tinea Pedis?

Wash and dry their feet everyday, wear cotton socks and change them a few times a day. Avoid wearing the same shoes everyday. Antifungal powders

What is the best thing to start with to ensure success when doing artificial nails?

Washing nail/scrubbing, get a dry surface and remove all surface oils

What are some methods of cleaning?

Washing with soap & water, using an ultra sonic unit, using a cleaning solvent.

The 1950's saw the introduction of tube mascara, improved hair care and nails products, and the boom of...?

Weekly manicure appointments

How often and in what manner should autoclaves be tested?

Weekly with spore testing

What serves as the point of contact with the nail plate called?

Well

The ability to deal with difficult clients, coworkers, and even friends come from having...?

Well developed life skills

What are some things you should ask your salon manager about during your evaluation?

When can you take on more services? Raises and promotions? When can I move from hourly to commission based wages.

What is a pincer nail?

When the free edge pinches the sidewalls into a deep curve

What is a series pedicure?

When you are addressing a problem over a few services

What is overfilling and what can it lead to?

When you file too much it can lead to lifting, breaking, free edge chipping, and free edge product separation

When is the best time to be open and honest?

When you find yourself in a situation where you don't have enough experience

What is the position stop?

Where the free edge of the natural nail meets the artificial tip

What is the stress area?

Where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge

For reinforcement, keep a copy of your mission statement...?

Where you can see and read it daily

What are leukonychia spots and what are they caused by?

White spots caused by injury to the nail matrix

Leukonychia

White spots on the nail, discoloration, caused by injury to the base of the nail, air bubble, or bruise

What does onychomycosis look like?

Whitish patches or long whitish and pale yellow streaks within the nail plate. Crumbled free edge.

What is the best way to dispose of the remaining liquid and powder left behind?

Wipe and absorb it with a paper towel

How can bruised nails be covered?

With nail polish or an opaque nail enhancement

If you have been exposed to HIV, how long after will a test show you are carrying the virus?

Within 6 months

If bulbs are not changed regularly, what can happen?

Wont cure the product properly because the light is not full strength

What are some of the ways that people can communicate?

Words, voice, inflections, facial expressions, body language, visual tools

A regular nail technician in a traditional salon can expect to do all but which of the following?

Work under the supervision of a physician

What is replaced during a 4 week nail wrap maintenance?

Wrap resin

Wat should be done at the end of the fabric wrap application before the polish is applied?

Wrap resin accelerator

What kind of enhancements do cyanoacrylates make?

Wraps

What nail enhancements are made from simple polymer chains?

Wraps and tip adhesive

If your mind tends to wander in class, you should...?

Write down key words and phrases

Can gel come in colours?

Yes

Can the nail return to a normal state after onychmadesis?

Yes

Will a nail return to normal from beau's lines?

Yes after the condition or illness is resolved

Why is it important to get all of your facts straight before going to your manager with a problem?

You avoid problem solving and issue that is not really a problem

How can we help clients with certain nail disorders?

You can refer them to a physician or cosmetically improve the nail if it is not diseased

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

a common Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria(pathogen) that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.

Nail

a horny, translucent plate of hard keratin, that serves to protect the fingers and toes, and is supplied with blood vessels

Finger Bowl

a plastic, china, metal, or glass bowl that's used for soaking the client's fingers in warm water and antibacterial soap

Chair

client's and nail technician's

What is a hematoma?

collection of blood trapped under the nail

Nail Disorders

conditions caused by injury to the nail, disease, or nutrition balance

Cuticle

crescent of dead, colorless tissue, or toughened skin around the base of the nail. It is attached to the nail plate

Client's arm cushion

cushion usually is 8" to 12" in length and made for manicuring. (towel folded to cushion size can be used) cushion of folded towel should be covered with a clean towel before each appointment

What is a blood borne pathogen and what are some examples?

disease causing microorganisms carried in blood or body fluids. HIV or Hepatitis.

Equipment

includes permanent tools and items used to perform nail services. Requires replacement only if no longer in good condition.

Onychia

inflammation of the nail matrix with pus and shedding of the nail -O-N-Y-C-H-I-A, onychia, inflammation of the nail matrix

Onychocryptosis

ingrown nails, nail grows into the tissue on the sides of the nail -Ony-Cho-Cryp-To-Sis, ingrown nail

Bed Epithelium

is the thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate to the nail bed

Metal Pusher

is used to push back excess cuticle growth. You would hold the metal pusher in the same way as the wooden pusher. The spoon end is used to loosen and push back the cuticle. If the pusher has rough or sharp edges, use an abrasive board to dull them. This prevents digging into the nail plate.

Abrasive Nail File

is used to shape the free edge of natural or sculptured nails. Abrasive files are available in different grits; the lower the grit number, the more aggressive its action. Most professional nail technicians use 7" or 8" nail files because some states do not allow shorter files to be used. If reuseabl, nail files must be sanitized after each use, but if not then they should be discarded. When using a nail file, hold it with the thumb on one side of the handle and four fingers on the other side at an angle to free edge. Caution: always prep abrasive boards by rubbing a clean board across the sharp edges before use. Abrasive files have replaced emery boards in the salon environment but the latter are still available for the client's home use.

Nipper

is used to trim away dead skin at the base of the nail. To use the nipper, hold it in the palm of the hand with the blades facing the cuticle. Place the thumb on one handle and three fingers in the other handle, with the index finger on the screw to helpguide the blade around the cuticle.

Matrix Bed

is where nail growth begins

Eponychium

living skin or tissue at base of nail plate covering matrix area, is part of the cuticular system

Furrows or Corrugations

long depressions that runs lengthwise or across the nail

Onycholysis

loosening of the nail without shedding

Equipment

manicure table, client's chair, nail technician's chair or stool, finger bowl, disinfection container that's big enough to emerge implements and is receptible, client's arm cushion, gauze, supply tray that can hold polish creams and cuticle polish, electric nail dryer

Manicure Table

most standard manicure tables include: adjustable lamp, drawers, 40-to-60 watt bulb

Gauze and Cotton

must be in a container, clean absorbent cotton, lint-free wipes, or gauze squares

Electric Nail Dryer

nail dryer is an optional item used to shorten the length of time necessary for drying the client's nails

Keratin

nails are made of this protein

Pyogenic Granuloma

severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

Hyponychium

slightly thickened layer of skin, lies between the fingertip and free edge of nail plate, or skin under the free-edge

Onychauxis or Hypertrophy

the overgrowth of the nails

Onychosis

the technical term applied to any deformity or disease of the nail

Onyx

the technical term for the nail

What are sudoriferous glands?

they are sweat glands, they excrete sweat from the skin, consist of a coiled base or secretory coil and tube like duct that ends at the surface of the skin for form a pore

What are three things that could happen if you use the wrong liquid and powder combonation?

too wet or too dry

Implements

tools that must be cleaned and disinfected, or discarded after use with each client. They are small enough to be sanitized on a wet sanitizer.

Materials

towels, cotton, gloves, spatula, plastic bags, metal trash can, solution for sanitizer jar, antiseptic

Supply Tray

tray holds cosmetics such as: polishers, polish removers, and creams. it should be sturdy and easy to clean

Nail Brush

used to clean fingernails and remove bits with of cuticle with warm, soapy water. Hold the nail brush with the bristles turned down and away from you. Place the thumb on the handle side of the brush facing you and the fingers on the other side.

Fingernail Clipper

used to shorten nails; for very long nails, clipping reduces filing time

Ridges

vertical depressions or lengthwise ridges are caused by nail growth

Onychatrophia or Atrophy

wasting away of the nail

Free-edge

white part of nail that extends beyond the fingertip

Implements (nail tools)

wooden pusher or orange-wood stick, metal pusher, abrasive nail file, nippers, tweezers, nail brush, nail buffer, fingernail clippers

Why can the nail plate never get thicker?

It's determined by the matrix

What are polymers?

Can be liquid or solid. Usually solid. Induce a chemical reaction called polymerization, also known as curing

What is the circulatory system also known as and what does it do?

Cardiovascular System, controls steady blood circulation

How can you treat Onychocryptosis?

Carefully trim the corner in a curved shape to release the pressure

What is a musculoskeletal condition that nail technicians are prone to getting called?

Carpel Tunnel

What are the bones that make up the hand?

Carpus, Metacarpus and Phalanges

What is systemic circulation?

Carries blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart

What is nerve tissue responsible for?

Carries messages to and from the brain

What are the functions of blood?

Carries water, oxygen, food to the cells of the body. Carries away carbon dioxide to be cleaned. Helps equalize the body temperature.

Why should you not allow electric chords to become twisted?

Cause a short circuit

What does a photoinitiator do?

Causes polymerization reaction to begin

List the three branches of the nervous system

Central Nervous System, Peripheral, Autonomic

Who introduced the first mass-marketed nail lacquers?

Charles Revson

Define: Antiseptic

Chemical germicides formulated for used on the skin that are registered and regulated by the FDA

Who has the fastest nail growth rate, children or elderly people?

Children

In which ancient cultures could commoners be put to death for wearing the royal nail colors?

Chinese

In which ancient cultures did military commanders stain their nails and lips in matching colors before important battles?

Chinese and Greek

Modern nail Polish formulations embody what kind of characteristics?

Chip- and fade-resistant

What is muscle tissue responsible for?

Contracts and moves various parts of the body

What are UV stabilizers?

Control colour stability and prevent sunlight from causing discoloration

Define: Nervous System

Controls and coordinates all systems within the body

Describe the autonomic branch of the nervous system

Controls involuntary muscles

What is the apparatus that changes a direct current to an alternating current called?

Converter

What kind of substance can cause visible and possibly permanent damage to the skin?

Corrosive

Where should all of your acrylic products be stored?

Covered, cool, Dark

Where is the tibalis anterior located and what is it responsible for?

Covers front at shin. Bends foot up

What does the muscular system do?

Covers, Shapes and Supports Skeletal System

What is a fissure?

Crack in the skin

Which of the following blocks the creative mind from exploring ideas and discovering solutions to challenges?

Criticism

What is another word for harden?

Cure

What is polmyerization?

Curing or hardening. A chemical reaction that creates polymers

What is alternating current and what are some appliances that use it?

Current that goes back and forth. Anything plugged into the wall.

How can you tell the difference between cuticle and eponychium?

Cuticle is white cause there is no blood supply

Hang Nail

Cuticle split around the nail

What is good personal hygiene?

Daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitary habits

What are some lifestyle questions you can ask during the consultation?

Does your client spend lots of time outside? Does she swim everyday? What is your clients profession? Does your client have a strong style? How much time/money are they willing to invest in their nail maintenance?

Primers act like what?

Double sided tape

What are the cleaning steps to follow when cleaning a whirlpool rub after each client?

Drain water, scrub with soap and water, rinse basin with clean water, refil basin with clean water and disinfectant, circulate for 10 minutes, drain, rinse and wipe dry with a clean towel

A bead mix ration could be described as what?

Dry, wet or medium

What kind of chair should the client have?

Durable, comfortable and no long arms

Archaeological digs have uncovered cosmetic tools from the Renaissance period including nail cleaners made from bone and meta that doubled as....

Ear scoops

Which massage movement is a light stroking movement?

Effleurage

What are the five moments of massage?

Effleurage, petrissage, tapotment, vibration and friction

In 1910, Flowery Manicure Products introduced the first modern-style...?

Emery board

What are some other names for nail polish?

Enamel, Lacquer, Varnish

How many layers of skin are there and what are their names?

Epidermis and Dermis

Why do nail technicians need to have an understanding of chemistry?

Everything is made up of chemicals. If we know the basics we may be able to troubleshoot some minor problems.

What are three things you can do to effectively remove calluses?

Exfoliating scrubs, credo blade, and conditioner

What does the spa manicure have that a regular manicure does not have?

Exfoliation mask

What are gloves worn to protect us against?

Exposure to microbes

Once the fabric has been secured how should the wrap resin be applied ad using what?

Extender brush

What are the three muscles of the foot?

Extensor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis

What kind of protection should you wear when handling adhesives?

Eye protection

What polish colours are more appropriate for the fall and which for the winter?

Fall- Darker, Winter- Light

In ancient Rome, it was common for both men and women to add color to their nails using a mixture of sheep blood and...?

Fat

What is the longest, strongest bone of the leg?

Femur

Which of the materials is the weakest but most popular to use for nail wraps?

Fiberglass

What is connective tissue responsible for?

Fiburus tissue that binds together to protect and support the body

What are pilcatured nails?

Figuratively means folded nail and is a type of highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to the matrix or inherited

What is not a practice recommended by time management experts?

Fill every slot in your schedule with some kind of task, no matter how small

Which buffer should be used for final buffing?

Fine - 350 or higher

Where are the nerve endings most abundant

Finger tips

What are 11 things that describe the natural nail?

Firm, flexible, shiny, slightly pink, smooth, spotted, no hallows or wavy ridges, whitish and translucent, nail bed is pink and see through

How soon after you start working should you be informed of when your evaluation will take place?

First day, if not ASK!

What is ergonomics?

Fitting the person to the job

Should the nail file be held at an angle or flat when buffing the nails, and why?

Flat because angled may gouge the natural nail plate

What is adhesion?

Force of nature causing 2 products to stick together

What is the name of the piece of nail plate that extends past the tip of the finger or toe?

Free edge

Why is gossiping about co workers a bad thing?

Friction in the work environment. Word will get around

What should you do if you are running late?

Get a hold of your client and salon to let them know of the delay. Give the client the opportunity to reschedule. Apologize for the inconvenience

If a nail tip is slightly too small what should you do?

Get a larger tip and file it to size so it fits sidewall to sidewall

What is the purpose of the bonding gel?

Increase adhesion to natural nail plate

What are the benefits to cross linking monomers?

Increased strength and more stain resistant

What is UV bonding gel and what is it similar to?

Increases adhesion to natural nail. Similar to base coat.

Who is most likely to suffer from Paronychia?

Individuals who work with their hands in water or who wash their hands often

The onset of what led to a new prosperity in the United States, during which all forms of beauty began to follow trends?

Industrialization

What is eczema and what are some characteristics of it?

Inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin. Acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms from flakey or dry itchy skin to moist lesions

What information can be gathered on a consultation form?

Information about clients needs, history and preferences

What information can be found on a MSDS Sheet?

Information about the product, names of potentially hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce risk of accidental harm or over exposure, flammability warnings, useful disposal guides, medical and first aid information

What is the ingredient that will trigger the polymerization to start?

Initiator

When doing massage how is pressure applied to the muscle

Insertion to Orgin

Which system are the nails a part of?

Integumentary

Where is the peronus longus located and what is it responsible for?

Inverts foot and turns it outward. Covers the outer calf.

What is an ultra violet light and what nail services use it?

Invisible light that has a short wavelength. Artificial nail's use this light

Describe Non-Stirated Muscle

Involuntary (organs)

Describe the action of the flexor muscles in the fore arm

Involved in bending the wrist

What makes a good conductor?

Ions

What is a nail disorder?

Is a condition caused by injury or disease

Which of the following is not a key question you should ask to determine if your goal-setting plan is a good one?

Is goal setting a practical way to spend time at this point in my career?

Why is the last step of the client consultation so important?

It determines the ultimate services to be carried out from the consultation

What is contact dermatitis and what is it caused by?

It is the most common skin disease for nail technicians. Caused by touching certain substances to often. Over exposure.

Why should you be open to constructive criticism ?

It will allow you to receive information about how to do things better

What are coatings and what are two different types of them.

Products that cover the nail plate with hardened film. Type 1- coatings that cure/polymerize. Type 2- Coatings that harden after evaporation

Why should sunscreen be used in a manicure?

Protect skin from damage in the UV light

What is the purpose of teh dust mask?

Protection from dust

List the 6 functions of the skin (SHAPES)

Protection, Sensation, Heat Regulation, Excretion, Secretion, Absorption

What is epithelial tissue responsible for?

Protective covering on body surfaces

What is the function of the lymph vascular system?

Protects body from disease

When performing a 4 week maintenance on fabric wraps what is the step after cleaning the nails?

Push back the eponychium

What are some things we can do to ensure we look good everyday

Put thought into appearance, keep your haircut and colour in tip top shape, well groomed skin, change style frequently to keep up with trends, determine best length and style of nails for doing nails

Self-esteem is based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to...?

Reach your goals

To succeed in life, you need a well-thought-out sense of purpose and a...?

Reason for being

What is the apparatus that changes an alternating current to a direct current called?

Rectifier

What color would a noblewoman color their hair to indicate class status?

Red

When preparing for battle, what color did Greek soldiers often apply to their lips and nails?

Red

Infected Finger

Redness pain, swelling, or pus, requires to be referred to a physician

What are four signs of infection?

Redness, pain, swelling, puss

What is the benefit of using self-leveling gel?

Reduces filing and contouring later in the services

How often should gel nails be maintained?

Regularly

What is the role of the sebaceous gland?

Regulate body temperature and help to eliminate waste products from the body

What does the pedicure massage primarily focus on?

Relaxation

Hangnail

ag-nails, are dry cuticles that split around the nail

Wooden Pusher

also known as an orange wood stick, is used to loosen the cuticle around the base of a nail or clean under the free edge. Hold the stick similarly to a pencil for applying cosmetics, and wrap a small piece of cotton around the end.

Cosmetics

antibacterial soap, buffering powder or cream, polish remover, cuticle cream, cuticle oil, cuticle solvent, nail bleach, nail whitener, dry nail polish, nail strengthener/hardener, base coat, colored polish liquid enamel or lacquer

Nail Grooves

are formed by nail folds on the sides of the nail that permit the nail to move as it grows; tracks that nails grow along

Tweezers

can be used to lift small particles from the nail

Folds

forms nail grooves on sides of nail, permitting nail to move as it grows forward (grooves are slots or tracks)

What are the two types of melanin?

phenomelanine and eumelanine

Paronychia

pus, thickening, and brownish discoloration of the nail plate, sometimes referred to as runaround paronychia -infectious, inflammatory conditions, of the tissue, surrounding the nail

Disinfectant Container

receptacle must be large enough to hold disinfectant solution to immerse implements for sanitizing purposes. Most containers provide covers to prevent contamination of solution when not in use