Milady's Standard Nail Technology
What is a mix ratio?
1 1/2 more liquid that powder
Plicatured Nails
1. "folded nails," or a type of highly curved nail plate 2. caused by injury to the matrix, may be inherited, and often lead to ingrown nails -Pli-Cat-Ured-Nail for highly curved nail plate
Beau's Lines
1. "horizontal" depressions that run across the nail 2. results from injury, illness, stress, or pregnancy
Onychomycosis
1. "ringworm caused by fungus" or a fungal infection 2. whitish patches on the nail that can be scraped off or long yellowish streaks within nail plate -Ony-cho-my-cosis, ringworm caused by fungus
Nail Bed
1. Is the living skin beneath the nail plate or body, that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge. 2. Is supplied with blood vessels: which provides pinkish tones from the lunula and almost to the free edge, and is abundantly rich in nerves that are attached to the nail plate 3. It is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue, called the Bed Epithelium 4. should the nail bed be injured after loss of the nail, the nail will result in a bad form
Onychophagy
1. biting of the nails, deformed nails 2. can be improved by frequent manicures -Ony-Cho-Phagy for biting of the nails
Nail Pterygium
1. damage or abnormal scarring to the eponychium and hyponychium causes the nail plate to stretch skin, but massaging oils or creams helps 2. never push back skin of infected area with an instrument -pterygium, pterygium, for growth of the cuticle, for growth of the cuticle
Bruised Nails
1. dark purplish, varying in color, from maroon to black, spots which are usually caused by injury 2. occurs when a blood clot, or injury to the nail bed, forms under the nail plate, and in some cases, nail will fall off during the healing process 3. application of an artificial nail service to a bruised nail is not recommended
Melanonychia
1. darkening of the finger and toenails or black band under the nail plate 2. caused by increase of pigment cells in matrix -Mela-No-Nichia, darkening of the finger and toenails, between the fourth and fifth toe
Specialized Ligaments
1. forms band of fibrous tissue that attach the nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone 2. its located at the base of the matrix and around the edges of the nail bed
Normal Healthy Nail
1. grows forward; starts at matrix and extend to finger tip 2. is healthy, firm, flexible, and translucent. 3. Nail bed has a pinkish color, smooth surface, curved and unspotted, and without any hollows or wavy ridges. 4. Nail is a horny translucent plate of hard keratin, which serves to protect the tips of fingers and toes.
Matrix
1. is embedded under the skin and is also where the nail forms 2. it will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition(nourished by nerves) and remains healthy 3. injury to the nail matrix can affect the growth of the nail
Onychorrhexis
1. is the term for split or brittle nails 2. caused by injury, excessive use of cuticle solvents, nail polish remover, or rough filing -Ony-Chor-Hexis is the term for brittle nails
Nail Plate
1. it is the most functional portion of the nail and slowly slides on the nail bed as it grows out 2. although it may seem to be made of one piece, it is actually constructed in layers and contains no nerves or blood vessels
Pincer or Trumpet Nails
1. nail plate that has deep or sharp curvature at the free edge; is able to curve on itself 2. caused by curvature at the matrix -Pincer-or-Trumpet deep sharp curve at the free edge
Onychomadesis
1. nail separates and falls off from the nail bed 2. in most cases, it can be traced to a localized infection or minor injury to the matrix bed, if there is no active infection present, a manicure may be performed
Discolored Nails
1. nails turn a variety of colors and may indicate a systemic disorder Ex: nail appears blue in color 2. artificial tips or colored polish can hide the discoloration
Eggshell Nails
1. noticeably fragile thin white nail plate, is more flexible than normal, and curved nails over the free-edge 2. may be caused by diet, illness, or medication
Infected Finger
1. redness, pain, swelling, or pus 2. requires to be referred to a physician
Nail Infections
1. skin bacteria or pseudomonas aeruginosa causes: redness, pain, swelling, pus, or discoloration of the nail plate 2. requires to be referred to a physician
Nail Growth
1. the average rate of growth in the normal adult nail is ⅛ or 1/10 per month 2. children's nails grow more rapidly whereas elders' nails grows more slowly 3. influenced by nutrition, health, and disease; nail typically grows faster in the summer than winter. 4. replacement of the nail takes about 4-6 months.
Nail Folds
1. the folds of palmar skin around the base and sides of the nail of a finger or toe 2. or the deep folds of normal skin surrounding the nail plate
Leukonychia
1. white spots on the nail, or discoloration 2. caused by injury to the base of the nail, air bubbles, or bruise -Leukonychia, white spots on the nail
Lunula
1. whitish half-moon shape at nail base, that touches the eponychium 2. it is the visible part of the matrix
What is the average growth of the nail in adult?
1/10'' per month
How much of a margin should be left between a client's skin and the product to avoid sensitization?
1/16 of an inch
How much of a cap should be left when applying gel to the fingers?
1/16''
What margin should be left around the nail when applying the fabric?
1/16''
A nail tip should cover no more than how much of your natural nail bed?
1/3
What is a stress strip and where is it applied?
1/8'' strip of fabric cut in length and applied to weak point of the nail
When cleaning the whirlpool tubs at the end of the day how long should you let the cleaner circulate for?
10 minutes
If you accidentally cut someone during your manicure, how long do your tools need to soak in the disinfectant for?
10 minutes (or guidelines instructed by manufacturer)
How many layers aprox make up the nail plate?
100
What are the three different types of abrasive grits and what are their classifications?
100 or less- Low, quickly reduces thickness 240 or higher- Fine, buffing, polishing and removing fine scratches 180- Medium, shorten and shape nails
How many watts are in a kilowatt?
1000
What is a kilowatt?
1000 watts
What is the voltage of a normal wall socket?
110 volt
What is the voltage of a car battery?
12 volt
How early should a client arrive to fill out a client consultation form?
15 minutes
How long after a client is late should they be asked to re-book?
15 minutes
What is the water content of the nail?
15-25%
Which abrasive should be used for natural nail recuperation
180-240
What year was the first successful nail lacquer brand marketed?
1932
In what time period did women apply petroleum jelly over their lips for the shiny lips trend?
1940's
How long before the pedicure should the client not shave their legs and why?
2 days. Give you tiny cuts that germs could possibly enter the body if they are present
How long does the activator take to dissipate?
2 minutes
How long will UV lamp stay blue for?
2-3 years
When washing your hands how long should you lather the soap on your hands for?
20 seconds
How many bones make up the human body?
206
What is the required voltage to plug in a dryer or stove?
220 volt
What is the best abrasive grit to use when filing the natural nail?
240
What grit should be used to buff the natural nail plate to prep the nail?
240 or fine buffer
How much thicker is the dermis compared to the epidermis?
25 x
How many dampen dishes are used for a 2 color acrylic application?
3
How can you tell if the plug you are using has a ground wire?
3 prong
After how long will moisture and oil return to the skin
30 minutes
What percentage of a c-curve is natural?
35%
If a lamp has 4 lamps (bulbs) and each of those emits 9 watts then what wattage is the lamp?
36 watts. 9*4=36
Generally how long is a manicure table?
36-48 inches
In total how many coats of polish are applied during a basic manicure service?
4 coats. Base, 2 colour and top coat
What are the different wattages that UV lamp can come in?
4,6,7,8,9
How long do finger nails take to be replaces?
4-6 months
How much of the body's weight do muscles account for?
40%
The nail tip should be at what angle when applying?
45 degree
What is the accepted time between pedicure appointments?
45-50 minutes
How long should a clients feet soak before a pedicure begins?
5 minutes
When you practice deep breathing, how many breaths does it typically take to restore your balance?
5-10
How long should a mask be left on for?
5-10 minutes
When using a callus reducer how long should it be left on for?
5-10 minutes
How long should the tip be held in place to allow the adhesive to dry?
5-10 seconds
What percentage of our body weight is water?
50-70%
When using the brush to clean your nail how long do you scrub them with a brush for?
60 seconds for both, 40 for scrubbing
How often does an alternating current change directions?
60/second
What are some characteristics of blood?
80% water, color change when exposed to carbon dioxide
How much of our skins aging is caused by sun exposure?
80-85%
How long to toe nails take to be replaces?
9-12 months
Of the different types of bacteria that exist which, as nail technicians are we concerned with?
Pathogenic Microorganisms
What is the equipment used to perform a pedicure?
Pedicure station, pedicure stool, foot rest, pedicure cart, electric mitts, terry cloth, paraffin bath
What is the reproductive system?
Performs functions of reproduction in the human race
What protects the heart in the body?
Pericardium
Which massage movement is lifting and squeezing the tissue?
Petrisage
What is paraffin made up of?
Petroleum
What does the skeletal system contain?
Physical foundation of the body, 206 bones connected by moveable and imoveable joints
Good physical posture,walk and movements are very important part of your ___________
Physical presentation, they promote confidence
What is a repair patch and where is it applied?
Piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in the nail
What colours to acrylics come in?
Pink, white and clear but colour additives can be used to make more options
What are some of the colours that acrylics can come in?
Pink, white, milky, transparent, red, blue, green, purple, yellow, orange, brown, jet black,
What is the matrix?
Place where the nail, plate and cells are formed
What are the terry cloth mitts generally used for?
Placed over a clients feet after penetrating condition product and cover have been applied
Having a game plan is the conscious act of...?
Planning your life
What is used to remove products from a container?
Plastic or metal spatula
What are nail tips and what are they made from?
Plastic pre molded nails shaped from a tough polymer made from ABS
Which part of blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
Are pigments added to the monomer or the polymer part of the system?
Polymer
The powder portion of the acrylic system is called what?
Polymer
What three factors negatively affect nail growth?
Poor health, disease or injury
What is the nail bed?
Portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge
What is the spinal chord
Portion of the CNS that runs down the brain down to your trunk
What happens during the production of polymer powder?
Powder forms into tiny round beads of slightly varying sizes
What are three things you should never do when mixing disinfectants?
Pre mix large amounts, Letting the disinfectant come in contact with your skin, placing disinfectants in unmarked containers, never use as soap or mouth wash
What are the three parts of a manicure procedure?
Pre-Service procedure, service procedure and post-service procedure
What are viens?
Prevent back flow and brings blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning
What is the job of a base coat?
Prevents polishes from staining and yellowing the nail; improves adhesion of the nail polish
The Ancient Greeks made lavish use of perfumes and cosmetics for grooming, medicinal purposes, and...?
Religious rites
What is the purpose of exfoliating scrubs?
Remove dry and flaky skin and reduce callus
What does a nail dehydrator do?
Remove oil and surface moisture
Why should you keep brush handles, containers and table tops clean and free of dust?
Repeatedly holding these materials will lead to over exposure of dust
What are cells responsible for?
Reproduction and Division
How long should the nails cure under the light for?
Required time by product manufacturer
To achieve success it is important to make a point of relating to others with a conscious feeling of...?
Respect
What are five things you can to do deal with the ups and downs of human relations?
Respond instead of react, talk less/listen more, be attentive, take your own temperature, be yourself
What is the digestive system?
Responsible for breaking down food into nutrients and waste
What is the excretory system responsible for?
Responsible for purifying the body in a waste manor
What polishing alternative can be used to help with ridges?
Ridge Filler
Describe the action of the Supinator muscles in the forearm
Rotates the palm outward
What is the most common nail shape for men?
Round
What is a cross-link monomer similar to?
Rungs on a ladder
What are ridges and how can they be treated?
Running vertically down the length of the natural nail plate are caused by uneven growth of the nails usually a result of age. Carefully buff the nail to reduce the ridges and use a ridge filler.
What does Spirilla cause?
STD, Lime Disease
What is the best brush to use for doing acrylics and why?
Sable hair, oval or round. Sable hair is absorbent of the liquid
Another notable beauty industry achievement in the twentieth century included nail Polish becoming...?
Safer and longer-lasting
When asked to take on more work than you can handle, it is recommended that you...?
Say "no" firmly but kindly and mean it
What are nail forms used for and where are they placed?
Sculpted nails. Placed under the free edge.
What are some agents found in exfoliates?
Sea sand, ground apricot kernels, pumice, quartz, crystals, jojoba beads
What are some benefits to incorporating paraffin into a manicure?
Sealing moisture into the skin
What kind of thoughts can work against your ability to succeed?
Self-critical or negative
Knowing what you want to achieve and keeping yourself on track so that you do eventually achieve your goal involves what?
Self-management
What is pulmonary circulation?
Sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified
How long will it be before the nail enhancement reaches it's full strength
Several days
What are some considerations to keep in mind when doing a client consultation?
Shape of hands, length of fingers, hobbies, type of work, shape of eponychium area
What are the three things that can break the simple polymer chain?
Sharp impact, heavy stress, nail polish, marker ink, food
What is an oligomer and what is it's consistency?
Short chain of monomers not long enough to be a polymer. It is sticky.
What are oligmers?
Short chain of monomers that has had the growth of it's chain haulted before it became a polymer
What is the job of nail clippers?
Shorten free edge quickly and efficiently
What are three things you should be doing on a daily basis to keep yourself clean and hygienic?
Shower, deodorant and brush your teeth
What is the sidewall?
Side of nail plate that grows free of its attachment to the nail fold
How will the correct size tip fit on the finger?
Sidewall to sidewall
Which material will turn transparent when the resin is applied?
Silk
What material can wraps be made of?
Silk, Linen, Fiberglass
What are manicure implements?
Single or multi use tools for completing services
As a nail technician what do we do improperly that puts a lot of strain on our neck, shoulders, back and legs?
Sitting
What is the integumentry system?
Skin
What is the main organ of the integumentry system?
Skin
What is the hyponichium and what is it's purpose?
Skin between the free edge and the finger tip. This forms a protective layer and seal so nothing can enter
What is psoriasis and what are some characteristics of it?
Skin diseases characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back
What are the five characteristics of the skin?
Slightly moist, soft, flexible, with a texture that is idealy smooth and fine grained
What does a round nail look like?
Slightly tapered
What are the nail grooves?
Slits or furrows on the sides of the nail
What is a vesicle?
Small blister containing clear fluid
What is a mole?
Small brownish spot or blemish on the skin
What is the fibula and where is it located?
Smaller of two bones that form the leg below the knee. Little toe side.
Why should you be aware of the skin as a nail technician?
So you can refer clients with inflamed skin conditions, diseases and infectious skin disorders to a physician
How are acrylics removed?
Soaked off in acetone
What should a foot soak do to the feet?
Soften the skin
How do catalyst's work?
Some use heat some use light
Use primer __________
Sparingly
What is a UV lamp and what is it also known as?
Special bulb that emits rays to cure a UV gel enhancement
What is the job of toe nail clippers?
Specifically designed to shorten toe nails
What is onycoehexxis?
Split or brittle nails that also have a series of length wise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate
Onychorrhexis
Splitting and brittle nails, caused by injury, excessive use of cuticle solvents, nail polish remover, or rough filing
What is a macule?
Spot/discoloration on skin
What does a squoval nail look like?
Square but the corners of the free edge are rounded/smoothed
What material should a basin be made of?
Stainless steel or ceramic
What are the most common human bacteria that can be picked up from door knobs, counter tops, dirty implements and other surfaces?
Staphylococci
In which layer of the epidermis are the cells dying and are pushed up to the surface of the skin to be replaced?
Statum geanulosum
What is the 3 work procedure for applying a nail tip
Stock, Rock and Hold
What is the pedicure cart used for?
Storing and keeping supplies organized
What can stress on our body cause?
Strain or injury
Which layer of the epidermis is also known as the horny layer?
Stratum corneum
The salon is a highly social atmosphere that requires which qualities in a person?
Strong self-discipline and excellent people skills
What is Myology?
Study of structure, function and disease of the muscle
What is an insulator and what are some examples?
Substance that does not conduct electricity, an example is wood.
What is a primer?
Substance that improves adhesion
What is a catalyst?
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Which season do nails grow fastest in?
Summer
What are some things that water can do for our body?
Sustains the health of the cells, aids in the elimination of toxins and waste, helps regulate the body's temperature and aids in proper digestion
What are the exocrine glands and what are some examples.
Sweat glands, release toxins and hormones
What type of bristles does a gel brush have?
Synthetic
What does Bacilli cause?
TB, Tetanus, Typhoid Fever
What is the inhibition layer?
Tacky surface left on a nail after UV has cured.
Procrastination may be a symptom of..?
Taking on too much
One of the recommended ways to manage your own success is to?
Tap into your own creativity
How many bones make up the foot and how many are broken down?
Tarsal - 7 (Ankle), Metacarsal, Phalanges
What are lentigenes?
Technical term for freckles
What is a verruca
Technical term for wart, hypertrophy of the papillary epidermis
What does the term maintenance mean?
Term used when the nail enhancement needs to be serviced after 2 or more weeks
When studying, it is recommended that you study one chapter section at a time, noting key phrases, and....?
Test yourself on each section to ensure comprehension
What is the myth surrounding nail enhancements?
That you need to rough up the natural nail first
When did hot oil manicures first become the ultimate luxury in nail and hand care?
The 1950's
When were the first monomer liquid and polymer powder nail services offered by nail technicians?
The 1970's
When did the use of spray guns to apply monomer liquid nail colors become common?
The 1990's
Who were the first people to use cosmetics to prepare the deceased for burial?
The Egyptians
Which ancient culture built elaborate baths and developed excellent methods of dressing the hair?
The Greeks
Describe Cardiac Muscle
The Heart
During which period was the use of highly colored preparations for the lips, cheeks, eyes, and nails discouraged?
The Renaissance
Which period immediately followed the Middle Ages?
The Renaissance
What is communication?
The act of successfully sharing information between groups so it is effectively understood
What is skin our only barrier against?
The envrioment
What are the nails small mirrors of?
The general health of the entire body
Why should the bowl of acetone be placed inside a larger bowl with hot water when doing acrylic removal?
The heat speeds up the removal process by working with the acetone
Define: Infection
The invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogenic bacteria
Which part of the nail did nail technicians commonly leave free of Polish in the 1950's?
The moon
What is electricity?
The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy
What is overexposure?
The principal that says over exposure determines toxicity. The idea that everything is toxic. Be careful what you repeatedly expose your skin to.
Define: Sterilization
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
What can cause onycholsis?
The result of physical injury, trauma or allergic reaction to the nail bed
What will happen if the enhancements are filed too aggressively during the one colour method
The seal can be broken because they are too thin
What is onychmadesis?
The separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin
What is ergonomics?
The study of how workplace tools should be designed for maximum comfort and efficiency and productivity
Define: Anatomy
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye
In the 1960's, where did the nails from nail technicians' "nail banks" typically come from?
Their clients
What are multi use implements and what are they usually made from.
These are implements that can be sterilized, and usually made from stainless steel
Are gels, acrylics, wraps or tips the best thing for your nails?
They are all equal
What is the myth surrounding leukonychia spots?
They are not caused by a vitamin or mineral deficiency
What are some benefits to using non-acid primers?
They are not corrosive to the skin
How often should nail enhancements be removed?
They are not designed to come off more than 1-2 times per year
Why are white towels the best to use when doing manicure services?
They can be bleached between use, and you can tell they are clean
What do melanocytes produce?
They produce a dark skin pigment, called melanin which helps to protect the sensitive cells in the dermis below from the destructive effects of excessive UV light or sun
What are federal agencies responsible for when regulating the practice for nail technology?
They set guidelines for the manufacturing, sale and use of equipment and chemical ingredients and are responsible for safety in the work place
What are the initiator and are they added to monomer or polymer?
They start a chain reaction that leads to the creation of very long polymer chains
What are arteries?
Thick walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
In the 1960's, nail technicians reaffixed detached nail tips and reinforced them with what?
Thin strands of cotton
What does it mean to be a problem solver?
Think of a solution for the problem before asking someone for help
What is the technical term for athletes foot?
Tinea Pedis
What is melanin and what does it do?
Tiny grains of pigment deposited into cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and the papillary layers of the dermis, helps to protect sensitive cells against UV light and Sun
What is nail psoriasis?
Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate
What are capillaries?
Tiny, thin walled vessels that bring nutrients to the cell
What tool is used to shorten nail tips?
Tip Cutter
What does a pointed nail look like?
Tip is tapered to a point
What does the nail plate protect?
Tips of the fingers and toes
What is adipose tissue responsible for?
Tissues that gives smoothness and contour to the body
What is the primary purpose of goal setting?
To help you decide what you want to achieve in life
Where did Ancient Greek women apply kohl?
To their eyes
Why should a large brush be avoided when doing acrylic nails?
Too much liquid can effect the ratio of the monomer to polymer
What are single use implements?
Tools that can not be properly cleaned and need to be thrown away after each client
What should be included in your hygiene pack?
Toothbrush and Toothpaste, dental floss, mints, deodorant
How many molecules need to react to make 1 sculptures nail?
Trillions
What is the job of nippers?
Trim away dead skin from around the nails
What are two types of disinfectants that are used in salons?
Tuberculocidal Disinfectant and Hospital Disinfectant
What are the 3 types of nail adhesive bottles?
Tubes, brush on and resin drop applicator
What are UV gels?
Type of nail enhancement that harden under a UV light
Which gel can be used as a finishing gel, a sealer gel or a shine gel?
UV Gel Gloss
What kind of enhancements do acrylates make?
UV Gels
What can you place over a UV gel polish to create a high shine
UV gel gloss
Which of the UV rays causes aging?
UVA light
Which of the UV rays causes burning of the skin?
UVB light
What is the nail extension underside?
Under side of the nail extension
What does UL stand for?
Underwriter Laboratory
What is reflexology and it's principals?
Unique method of applying pressure with the thumb and index fingers. All feet and hands correspond with organs or part of the body which can send positive energy.
What is a volt?
Unit that measures pressure or force of electrons through a conductor
Where is the soleus located and what is it responsible for?
Upper fibia, bends foot down
What are the main ingredients that are used to create UV gel nail enhancements?
Urethane acrylate and urethane methacrylate
What is a building gel?
Used to build the arch and cure of the fingernail. Thick in viscosity
What are plasticizers?
Used to keep products flexible
What is the job of a nail brush?
Used to remove debris from nail plate and to scrub implements
What is a nail dehydrator?
Used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil
How are gels packaged to protect them from UV lughts?
Dark pots
Bruised Nails
Dark purplish spots; usually due to injury
What is melanoychia and who does it normally affect?
Darkening of the fingernails or toes and it affects African Americans
Melanonychia
Darkening or the finger toes or nails, caused by increase pigment cells in matrix
What is cuticle?
Dead colorless tissue on the nail plate
What is the job of cuticle?
Deal the space between the natural nail and the living skin to prevent entry of foreign material
How is the oil removed from the natural nail plate before a service begins?
Dehydrator
What should you tell your client if they come in and have problem feet and it will taken longer time to do their pedicure?
Do the best you can and get client to schedule another service to keep their feet in tip top shape
What are the four types of nail technology tools that are incorperated into a manicure?
Equipment, Implements, Materials, Professional Cosmetic Nail Care Products
Modern manicuring implements now incorporate what?
Ergonomic designs and enhanced workmanship
What kind of chair should the nail technician have?
Ergonomic, comfortable, durability, ease of cleaning
If a product is considered odorless what does it not contain?
Ethyl Acrylic
How do base coats, top coats and nail polishes dry?
Evaporation
What material are toe separators made from and are they re-useable?
Foam or cloth, and they are not re-useable
Plicatured Nails
Folded nails, a type of highly curved nail plate, caused by injury to the matrix, may be inherited, often lead to ingrown nails
The Roman philosopher Plantius is credited with comparing a woman without paint (cosmetics) to...?
Food without salt
What is another name for the whirl pool bath pedicure chairs?
Foot Bath
Jean Harlow and who else helped glamorize the hip new nail lacquer trend in the 1930's by wearing matching colors on fingers and toes?
Gloria Swanson
In the early 21st century, UV gel enhancements...?
Grew by leaps and bounds
What did Ancient Greek women apply to their lips to add color?
Ground cinnabar
What is the endocrine system?
Group of glands that affects specialized growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body
What is HIV and what disease does it cause?
HIV is a disease that causes aquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Leads to AIDS.
What are the four appendages of the skin?
Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
Which of teh 2 gels can not be removed with acetone?
Hard UV gels
What is the natural nail?
Hard protective plate located at the edge of the finger or toe
What is the nail plate?
Hardened keratin plate that sits and slowly slides across the nail bed
Define: Non-Pathogenic Bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform helpful functions
The important thing to remember about goal setting is to....?
Have a plan and reexamine it
One recommended way to keep your energy up is to...?
Have hobbies and enjoy recreational activities
What is the purposed of the bed epithelium?
Helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows
When removing the enhancements and soaking the fingers in a bowl of acetone, why should you cover the bowl with a terry cloth towel?
Helps minimize acetone vapors
What did Ancient Egyptians use to stain their hair and nails to a rich, warm red.
Henna Paste
Of the three types of hepatitis which is most difficult to kill and which should we get vaccinated against?
Hepatitis B
What is the urethane chemical family known for
High abrasion and durability resistance
Having good life skills help build which quality, which helps you achieve your goals?
High self esteem
Why should acetone be kept away from flames?
Highly flammable
What is the purpose of the dampen dish
Hold the monomer and polymer. Narrow base for less fume release
Briefly describe the post service portion of the pedicure service
Home care, re-booking, payment, prepare for next client
HOw does pregnancy affect nail growth?
Hormones changes make them rapidly grow in the third trimester
When shopping for work clothes what should you visualize?
How do you want to look while performing professional services
What is unit wattage?
How much electricity the unit uses
What will have a big influence on whether or not you will be successful as a nail technician?
How you look and present yourself
Where should disinfectants never be used?
Human skin, hair or nails
What are the three bones that make up the arm, and where are they located?
Humerous- Larges bone extending from elbow to shoulder. Ulna- Inner large bone of forearm (Pinky Side) Radius- Smaller bone in forearm (Tumb Side)
What is an example of a long-term goal?
I will work my way up to salon manager within 3 to 5 years
How can agnails be treated?
If no cuts or infection a hot oil can help, or trim the dead skin being careful not to cut the living skin
How are fabric wraps removed?
Immerse nail fully in acetone, wait for nail wrap to melt away. Then gently slide away softened wrap
What conditions cause eggshell nails?
Improper diet, hereditary factors, internal disease or medication
What is the purpose of a nail hardener?
Improve surface hardness or durability of weak or thin nails
What is the job of nail hardener?
Improves surface hardness or durability of weak nail plates
How can you identify a typical bacteria infection?
In the early stages as a yellowish green spot that becomes darker as it advances in stages
Why should you maintain boundaries at work?
It's someones place of business that should be treated respectfully
What is a wheal?
Itchy, swollen lesion, only lasts a few hours (bug bite)
Who invented the first ridgefiller?
Jeff Pink
Which of the following is credited with establishing the biweekly nail appointment?
Juliette wraps
What are toe separators used for?
Keep toes separated during polish
What are five things to do to maintain good posture?
Keep your neck elongated, lift upper body (don't slouch), hold your shoulders level and relaxes, sit with your back straight, pull in your abdomen so that it is flat, balance your head
What is nail composed of?
Keratin
What is one-thousandth of an ampre called?
Kilowatt
What are three bad habits that can keep you from maintaining peak performance?
Lack of game plan, seeking perfectionism, and procrastination
What is a bulla?
Large blister containing watery fluid
What is the tibia and where is it located?
Larger, lower leg, big toe side
Describe the characteristic of the brain
Largest most complex nerve tissues of the body, weighs less than 3 lbs, it controls the senses, sends and receives messages through 12 sets of cranial nerves
What are the four muscles that attache the arms to the body?
Latissimusdorsi, Pectoralis Major, Serratus Anterior, Trapezius
Ridges
Lengthwise ridges caused by nail growth
What is a scar?
Light colored, slightly raised, formed after an injury
What is the benefit of using a clear form when doing UV gels
Light will get to the underside of the gel
Which material is the strongest for a nail wrap?
Linen
What is reflective listening?
Listening to the client then repeat in your own words what they discussed to be clear
When applying the tips what finger on what hand should you begin with?
Little finger left hand
Which finger should you begin with when cleaning the client's nails?
Little finger right hand
Gel nails have what advantage?
Little to no odour
What is the eponychium?
Living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix
What are the two basic types of goals?
Long-term and short-term
What does an oval nail look like?
Longer nail, similar to round
What kind of shoes should you wear at work?
Low heel and good arch support
Where is the gastrocnemius located and what is it responsible for?
Lower rear surface of the heel, pulls the foot down
What is the visible part of the matrix called?
Lunula
Which components make p the lymph vascular system?
Lymph, Lymph Nodes
What causes beau's lines?
Major illness or injury that has traumatized the body such as pneumonia, adverse drug reaction, surgery, ect..
What are some examples of manicure equipment?
Manicure table, adjustable lamp, chairs, gloves
What is a massage?
Manipulating soft tissues in the body
What is a lesion?
Mark in the skin
What are some ways that muscles can be stimulated?
Massage, Electric Current, Infared Light, Dry Heat, Moist Heat, Nerve Impulses
Why are toe nails thicker and harder than fingernails?
Matrix is longer
What is electricity not and why?
Matter. Because it has no mass or volume
The first non caking, non cracking makeup was marketed to movie stars by?
Max Factor
What is a watt?
Measurement of how much electric energy is being used
Which bead is ideal for acrylic nails?
Medium
What are situations in which a client should not be worked on?
A client who's ail or skin is infected, inflamed, broken or swollen
What are bruised nails?
A condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate forming a dark purplish spot
Define: Inflammation
A condition in which part of the body reacts to protect itself from injury, irritation or infection
What are agnails?
A condition in which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears
Define: Hepatitis
A disease that damages the liver. There are three types: A, B and C
What is collagen?
A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength
What is onychomycosis?
A fungal infection of the nail plate
Who should repair electrical wires?
A licensed electrician
What is a cross-link monomer?
A monomer that joins different polymers
What is a virus and what are some illnesses that can be caused by this?
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects the cells of a biological organism. Common cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, small pox
What is a dermatologist?
A physician engaged in the practice of treating the skin, its structures, functions and diseases
To become a medical nail technician, you are required to take specialty course and complete an internship under the direction of who?
A podiatrist or physician
One guideline for success suggests that you practice doing whatever helps you maintain
A positive self-image
What is elastin?
A protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
What is a pedicure?
A service on the foot performed by a licensed professional, trim and shape nails, massage, polish and exfoliation
What is pyrogenic granuloma?
A severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
What is an excoriation?
A sore/abrasion produced by a scratch
What is a conductor and what is an example?
A substance that conducts electricity, an example is water.
What are the two muscles of the hand and what are they responsible for?
Abductors- Seperate Fingers Adductors- Draws the fingers together
What is a hypertrophy of the skin?
Abnormal growth of the skin
What is dermatitis?
Abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin
What are the three ways that acrylics can be applied
Abrasives, nail forms and nail tips
What is make up used for?
Accentuate your good features and minimalism your bad ones
What is the patella?
Accessory bone, forms the knee cap.
If you do not have the cleanser from the manufacturer what can be used?
Acetone
Of the two types of remover which acts faster?
Acetone
What are three types of primers?
Acid based, non-acid and acid free
What is keratoma and can we work on it?
Acquired and protective, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis commonly known as callous. Textbook says do not work on this.
What family do the UV gels belong do?
Acrylates
What kind of enhancements do methacrylate's make?
Acrylics
What nail enhancements are made from cross linkers?
Acrylics or Gel
What is a catalyst?
Action or substance that is used to speed up a reaction
What does a nail primer do?
Acts as a sticky base for adhering enhancements
What is the procedure for properly mixing disinfectants?
Add disinfectant to water
What are catalysts and are they added to the monomer or the polymer?
Added to the monomer, designed to speed up chemical reaction and initiators
What are tips used for?
Adhered to natural nail for additional length
What is a nail wrap?
Adhering fabric to natural nail to increase strength and durability
What are the steps of the post service care for acrylics?
Advise and promote products, schedule next appointment, thank client, prepare work are and implements for next client
If you are wearing gloves for a service, how often should you change them?
After each service, even if it is the same client
How often should pedicure basins be cleaned and disinfected?
After every service
What four things can affect collagen production?
Age, lack of moisture, environmental damage or frequent changes in weight
What is the purpose of the lymph vascular system?
Aids blood system by providing lymph
What are the three viscosities that gel come in?
Medium, thick and building
What is the job of a nail rasp?
Metal file; used to file in one direction only and used for under the free edge of the big toe
What is massage?
Method of manipulating the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading and tapping
What are fungi and what is the best way to prevent the spread of it in the salon and where is it most commonly found on the body?
Microscopic plant paracites to prevent the spread of disease of all disposable items, sanitize and sterilize all multi use items. Fungi is most commonly found on the feet.
What are oligmers similar to?
Microwave dinner, partially cooked.
How long will traditional acrylics take to harden before they can be filed and shaped
Minutes
What are the two factors to consider when choosing a disinfectant?
Mixing ratio and contact time
What are fumes?
Mixture of soot like particles and vapors
In the 1960's,detached nail tips were reaffirmed with...?
Model airplane glue
What are lotions or creams used for?
Moisturize skin and feet, soften callus, provide slip for massage
Why should nail oil be applied to the nails after maintenance?
Moisturize the skin
What are monomers?
Molecules that make up polymers
The liquid portion of the acrylic system is called what?
Monomer
What two products are combined to make acrylic nails?
Monomer liquid and polymer powder
One notable achievement of the twentieth century included the fact that nail technicians had...?
More clients than ever
What are the different types of joints in the body?
Moveable and Imoveable
Describe the action of the extensor muscles in the fore arm.
Muscles that straighten out the wrist
Describe the action of the Pronator muscles in the forearm
Muscles that turn the palm inward
What does the textbook say about the use of gloves?
Must be worn while performing a pedicure
Can the remaining monomer be poured back into the original containers?
NO
What is the difference between acetone and non-acetone polish remover?
Nail Polish Remover- designed to dissolve and remove nail polish. Acetone- works quickly and eats false nails. It dries the skin.
What is the bonding agent used to secure the tip to the natural nail called?
Nail Tip Adhesive
Nail Unit Basic Parts
Nail bed, Matrix, Cuticle, Nail plate, Eponychium, Nail fold, Hyponychium, and Specialized ligaments
A _____________ temporarily removes surface moisture from the nail plate
Nail dehydrator
What materials are needed for a 1 color acrylic application over tips or a natural nail?
Nail dehydrator, nail primer, monomer, polymer, abrasives, application brushes, dampen dishes
What will happen if too little powder is used to make a bead.
Nail enhancement could become weak or discolored
Not properly preparing the nail can cause what two things?
Nail enhancement product lifting and Nail Infection
What products are non-toxic?
All products on earth are toxic
Before you begin studying, you should find a comfortable, quiet spot with sufficient lighting and...?
All the tools you need such as books, pens, paper, and computer
Define: Disease
An abnormal condition of a part of the body, organ or mind that makes it incapable of carrying out normal function
What is nail pterygium and which parts of the nail does it affect?
An abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate
What is wrap resin accelerator?
An activator that acts as the dryer and speeds up the hardening process
What is the job of a curette?
An implement with a small scoop shaped end that allows for more efficient removal of debris from nail folds
What causes increased curvature in nails?
An increased curvature of the matrix
What is onychia?
An inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate
Time management experts agree that all of us have...?
An inner organizer
Perfectionism is...?
An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly
What are the two phases of cell metabolism?
Anabolism, Catabolism
Which part of the nail should be the thickest?
Apex/ Arch
What are three things that salon owners view that are just as important as your technical skills?
Appearance, personality and poise
How are callus softeners used?
Applied and left on the pressure points of the feet as directed then calluses are more easily removed with the paddles
What is the job of top coat?
Applied to prevent chipping and to add shine to the finished nail
What is replaced during a 2 week maintenance on a nail wrap?
Apply new product to the growth of the nail
What is the job of nail bleach?
Apply to nail plate to remove yellow surface discoloration and stains
What is used to clean the manicure tables?
Approved disinfectants
What can you buy to protect your clothes from getting dirty at work?
Apron/ Smock or Lab Coat
What is the apex or the arch of the nail and where is it located?
Area with all of the strength. Located center of the nail where is ovals and curves
What is aromatherapy and why is it incorporated into a massage?
Aromatherapy is the use of highly concentrated oils for the therapeutic use
Which muscle causes goose bumps?
Arrector pili muscles
How should nail conditioners be used?
As directed by manufacturer
How many plugs should be used per outlet?
As many as provided
What is the universal precaution for dealing with blood?
Assume all blood and or body fluids are infected
What are the ABCDE's of skin cancer?
Asymmetry, Border Irregularity, Colour, Diameter, Evolution
If you use paper to do the fabric wrap how often should the paper be replaced?
At each new service
What are the functions of the skeletal system? (APPS)
Attachment, Protection, Produces Red & White Blood Cells, Stores Calcium
What is the most effective method of sterilization?
Autoclave
What is a reflex?
Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves movement of an impulse
When opening the nail adhesive where should the bottle be pointed?
Away from your face and away from the face of your client
What happens during the inactive stage of bacterial growth?
Bacteria coat themselves with wax outer shells that are able to withstand famine, dryness, and unsustainable temperatures. Bacteria will not respond to a disinfectant during this stage.
Define: Pathogenic Bacteria
Bacteria considered harmful, may cause disease or infection when they invade the body
What happens during the active stage of bacterial growth?
Bacteria will grow and reproduce
What are four types of harmful organisms that we as nail technicians are concerned with?
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Paracites
What must a disinfectant used in a salon be effective against?
Bacteria, Fungus & Viruses
What is the most serious form of skin cancer?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Basal Cell Layer, Stratum Spinosum, Statum granulosum, Statum Lucidum, Statum corneum, Statum germinativium
Which parts of the nail should be the thinnest when applying acrylic?
Base of the nail plate by cuticle
When handling a scheduling mix up, what is the #1 thing to remember?
Be polite, and never argue about who is correct
Why is the nail pinkish in colour?
Because it is richly supplied with blood vessels
Why is callous important?
Because it prevents damage to the underlying skin
Why does a school have a release form and a salon does not?
Because the people providing the services in a school are not licensed. This protects the school and the client from legal actions.
Why is fungus a concern to salons?
Because they are contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated implements
When can a hardener be applied to the nails?
Before base coat
How often should a consultation be performed?
Before each service
Where does onycholsis begin and move toward?
Beginning at the free edge and continuing towards the lunula area
What are the extensor digitorum longus responsible for?
Bends foot and extends toes
What is the peronus brevis responsible for?
Bends foot down and out
What is the initiator that is added to the polymer powder?
Benzol Peroxide
Where is the most common place for a nail technician to get contact dermatitis?
Between the thumb and pointer finger
What are the three muscles of the upper arm and shoulders?
Bicep, Deltoid, and Tricep
What would Victorian women do to induce natural lip color?
Bite their lips
Onychophagy
Biting of the nails, can be improved by frequent manicures
Which system contains the heart, arteries, viens and capillaries?
Blood Vascular System
What nourishes the skin?
Blood supplies, nutrients and oxygen
Which of the following services is commonly offered by day spas, but not full-service salons?
Body services
What should you do if you have a habitually late client?
Book them for 2:30 but tell them their appointment is at 2:00
Are colored gels self leveling or builder gels
Both
The pedicure basin that a nail technician uses should be big enough to immerse what?
Both feet
Describe the central nervous system branch of the nervous system
Brain, Spinal Chord, Spinal and cranium nerves
What is the respiratory system?
Breathing
How are resins sold?
Brush on, bottle, pump, spray on, aresol
What are the different ways to finish a men's manicure?
Buffed, clear gloss, dull clear coat
Nail Buffer
Buffers used to be made with a chamois cover, but new disposable materials have replaced them. two-or-three-way buffers are used to add shine to the nail and to smooth out corrugations or wavy ridges.
What features should a pedicure chair and footrest have?
Built in foot rest, low to the ground, wheels
What causes onycoehexxis?
By injury to the matrix, excessive use of cuticle remover, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques or hereditary
What causes splinter hemorrhages?
By physical trauma or injury to the nail bed which damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow
How is onycoehexxis treated?
By softening the nails with conditioning treatment
How should appliances be disconnected from the wall?
By the plug
Beau's Lines
Depressions that run across the nail, result from illness, injury, stress, or pregnancy
What does a paraffin bath stimulate?
Circulation and deep heat
What are the eleven body systems? (DR IMI SCREEN)
Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, Integumentary, Lymphatic/Immune, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory and Skeletal
Which conditions require a doctors permission before massage can be performed?
Circulatory, blood or heart problems
For the two colour UV gel application what is done after pushing back the eponychium?
Clean and dehydrate the fingernail
Briefly describe the pre service portion of a pedicure
Clean tools, meet client, greet them, set up table, escort client to pedicure station
What are the three levels of decontamination
Cleaning, Sterilization, Sanitation
What are hospital disinfectants effective for cleaning?
Cleans bodily fluids in hospitals and non-porus surfaces in the salon.
What is the job of a wooden pusher?
Cleans under free edge or applies product
What is lymph?
Clear fluid that circulates the lymphatics, helps take away waste and impurities
What are some things you could have on hand while doing a consultation?
Clippings from beauty magazines, your nail portfolio, any visual tools for nail extensions or false nails, chart with different shapes, before and after pictures
What are the three classifications of bacteria?
Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla
What two structures make up 70% of the dermis?
Collogen and elastin
What is the job of an abrasive nail file?
Come in different types and grits. The lower the number the more abrasive it is, used to shorten the nails.
What should a pedicure station include?
Comfy chair for client (arm and foot rest), ergonomic chair for a professional
What are some of the most common contagious diseases?
Common cold, rung worm, conjunctivitis, viral infection, natural nail/toe/food infections
In addition to technical and artistic skills which other skill should you master to have a thriving clientelle?
Communication
What does a square nail look like?
Completely straight across, no rounded edges.
What is grounding?
Completing electrical circuit and carrying current away
What is chloasma?
Condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin or dark spots that are not elevated
What are the five different types of body tissue?
Connective, Adipose, Epithelial, Muscle and Nerve
What is the job of the specialized ligaments?
Connects bones or holds an organ in place
Describe the peripheral branch of the nervous system
Connects to outer parts of the body
Describe Stirated Muscle
Consciously controlled and attached to bones
What is a professional image?
Consistent with the image of the salon, image projection to other people in the profession
When a disease is spread from one person to another, what is it said to be?
Contagious
What is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, it's nature, structure, functions, diseases and treatments called?
Dermatology
What does the term viscosity mean?
Describes the thickness
What is nail oil?
Designed to absorb into the nail plate to enhance flexibility and moisten/soften surrounding skin
What is the job of a metal pusher?
Designed to gently scrape tissue from the natural nail plate
What is nail cream?
Designed to seal the surface of the skin and hold moisture
What is the purpose of an electrical nail polish dryer?
Designed to shorten the amount of time a client waits for their nails to dry
What is the job of a foot file or paddle?
Designed to smooth foot calluses that come in different grits and shapes
What is a fuse?
Device that prevents blow outs or melting of a circut
As a nail technician what are we NOT allowed to do?
Diagnose someone with a disease
Which level of decontamination will destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses but not spores?
Disinfecting
Once your implements have been cleaned with soap and water what is the next step?
Disinfection
Why do natural nails appear thinner when acrylics are removed and how long before they will return to "normal"?
Nail is very moist from having acrylic on it. In 24 hours when it dries out it'll go back to normal
A new, opaque paint being produced for the automobile industry inspired the introduction of mass marketed....?
Nail lacquers
Which part of the nail should a primer be applied to?
Nail plate
Pincer or Trumpet Nails
Nail plate having deep or sharp curvature at the free edge, caused by curvature at matrix, nail may curl on itself
What on our body is made from crosslinking monomers?
Nail plates and hair
Which term refers to the art and science of beautifying and improving the nails and skin of the hands and feet?
Nail technology
Which practice was closely tied to social status during the Chou Dynasty?
Nail tinting
Discolored Nails
Nails turn a variety of colr, may indicate systemic disorders
What information should be on a clients record card?
Name, Phone Number, Client Email, History, Preferences, Care Routine, Any Medical Issues/Concerns or Allergies
What are the 2 different types of immunity and how do we get them?
Natural Immunity- Partial Inheritance, partial development. Aquired Immunity- Develops after overcoming a disease, vaccination
The 1990's ushered in a huge resurgence in pedicure services and...?
Natural manicures
What is the scientific study of the nervous system called?
Neurology
What are the types of nerves?
Neuron, Axon, Nerves
What are some examples of multi-use tools?
Nippers, Sheers, Pushers, Some Nail Files, Bits, Buffers
If you wear gloves when working what kind should they be?
Nitrile
What is the best type of gloves to wear?
Nitrile
If you have bad breath or dirty clothes, will a client return to you for future services?
No
Is Eczema contagious?
No
Is nail psoriasis contagious?
No
Is psoriasis contagious?
No
How does your pedicure change if your client is a diabetic or on blood thinning medication?
No nipping or blading
Is it okay to leave your client unattended when she is attached to a machine?
No!
If a client is wearing nail polish over fabric wraps what is the best type of remover to use?
Non-acetone
Is smoky eye makeup appropriate for work at a day spa?
Not really, no
Eggshell Nails
Noticeably thin, white nail plate thats more flexible than normal, may be caused by diet, illness, or medication
What are egg shell nails?
Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are much more flexible than normal. Normally weaker and curve over free edge.
What are the three parts that make up cells?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm and Cell Membrane
What three factors affect growth of the nail plate?
Nutrition, exercise and general health
What is blood?
Nutritive fluid that circulates through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients
Who are the OSHA and what department do they belong to?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, belonging to the U.S Department of Labor
What measures the resistance of an electric current?
Ohm
What is the best way to reduce water loss and improve flexibility?
Oil based conditioner
What substance will prevent proper adhesion?
Oils, waxes and soil
What type of benefits most from primers?
Oily
How long should your personal mission statement be?
One to two sentences
What can nail wraps be used for?
One type of overlay for artificial tips, or repair of natural nail
What is a direct current and what are some appliances that use it?
One way current. Anything battery powered
What is the technical term for ingrown nails?
Onychocryptosis
What is the technical term for bitten nails?
Onychopagy
What is a deformity or disease of the nail called
Onychosis
What is the technical term for nail?
Onyx
What kind of shoes should your client wear for their pedicure?
Open toed
What is the purpose of paraffin?
Opening the pores to soak in moisture
What is used to push off the softened acrylic from the nail beds?
Orangewood stick
All nail enhancements are made from __________ substances
Organic
What are the three parts of a muscle
Orgin, Insertion and Belly
What is the study of bones called?
Ostology
How will allergic reactions be caused by primer?
Over exposure to the skin or repeated exposure
When the fabric wrap is applied to the nail, where should the resin be applied?
Over the fabric fully penetrating and not touching the skin
Where is the smile line located in a 2 colour method gel application?
Over the tip and along the sidewalls
Time management experts recommend that you give yourself some downtime whenever you are frustrated, worried, feeling guilty about something, or....?
Overwhelmed
What is a circuit breaker?
Panel of switches
Which layer of skin contains nerve endings but no blood vessels?
Pappilary Layer
What are the two layers of the dermis called and which is deepest?
Pappilary layer and reticular layer. Reticular is the deeper of the two.
What is fungus?
Parasites which under some circumstances may cause infection to the feet and hands
What is a bacterial infection of the tissue surrounding the nail?
Paronychia
What are three different types of wells?
Partial well, full well and well-less
What are vapors and what substances form vapors?
Vapors are formed when liquids evaporate into the air. Any room temperature substance will cause vapors.
How can pink and white gels be formulated?
Variety of viscosity, colors and opacities
What is a client consultation and when should it happen?
Verbal communication with a client to determine the desired result of a service, this takes place before each service.
What are beau's lines?
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate
Which vitamin improves the skins elasticity and thickness?
Vitamin A
Which vitamin is needed for the proper repair of skin and tissue and can also reduce severity of the common cold?
Vitamin C
Which vitamin helps with absorption of calcium and can be found in milk?
Vitamin D
What are some things that can be done to prevent Tinea Pedis?
Wash and dry their feet everyday, wear cotton socks and change them a few times a day. Avoid wearing the same shoes everyday. Antifungal powders
What is the best thing to start with to ensure success when doing artificial nails?
Washing nail/scrubbing, get a dry surface and remove all surface oils
What are some methods of cleaning?
Washing with soap & water, using an ultra sonic unit, using a cleaning solvent.
The 1950's saw the introduction of tube mascara, improved hair care and nails products, and the boom of...?
Weekly manicure appointments
How often and in what manner should autoclaves be tested?
Weekly with spore testing
What serves as the point of contact with the nail plate called?
Well
The ability to deal with difficult clients, coworkers, and even friends come from having...?
Well developed life skills
What are some things you should ask your salon manager about during your evaluation?
When can you take on more services? Raises and promotions? When can I move from hourly to commission based wages.
What is a pincer nail?
When the free edge pinches the sidewalls into a deep curve
What is a series pedicure?
When you are addressing a problem over a few services
What is overfilling and what can it lead to?
When you file too much it can lead to lifting, breaking, free edge chipping, and free edge product separation
When is the best time to be open and honest?
When you find yourself in a situation where you don't have enough experience
What is the position stop?
Where the free edge of the natural nail meets the artificial tip
What is the stress area?
Where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge
For reinforcement, keep a copy of your mission statement...?
Where you can see and read it daily
What are leukonychia spots and what are they caused by?
White spots caused by injury to the nail matrix
Leukonychia
White spots on the nail, discoloration, caused by injury to the base of the nail, air bubble, or bruise
What does onychomycosis look like?
Whitish patches or long whitish and pale yellow streaks within the nail plate. Crumbled free edge.
What is the best way to dispose of the remaining liquid and powder left behind?
Wipe and absorb it with a paper towel
How can bruised nails be covered?
With nail polish or an opaque nail enhancement
If you have been exposed to HIV, how long after will a test show you are carrying the virus?
Within 6 months
If bulbs are not changed regularly, what can happen?
Wont cure the product properly because the light is not full strength
What are some of the ways that people can communicate?
Words, voice, inflections, facial expressions, body language, visual tools
A regular nail technician in a traditional salon can expect to do all but which of the following?
Work under the supervision of a physician
What is replaced during a 4 week nail wrap maintenance?
Wrap resin
Wat should be done at the end of the fabric wrap application before the polish is applied?
Wrap resin accelerator
What kind of enhancements do cyanoacrylates make?
Wraps
What nail enhancements are made from simple polymer chains?
Wraps and tip adhesive
If your mind tends to wander in class, you should...?
Write down key words and phrases
Can gel come in colours?
Yes
Can the nail return to a normal state after onychmadesis?
Yes
Will a nail return to normal from beau's lines?
Yes after the condition or illness is resolved
Why is it important to get all of your facts straight before going to your manager with a problem?
You avoid problem solving and issue that is not really a problem
How can we help clients with certain nail disorders?
You can refer them to a physician or cosmetically improve the nail if it is not diseased
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
a common Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria(pathogen) that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.
Nail
a horny, translucent plate of hard keratin, that serves to protect the fingers and toes, and is supplied with blood vessels
Finger Bowl
a plastic, china, metal, or glass bowl that's used for soaking the client's fingers in warm water and antibacterial soap
Chair
client's and nail technician's
What is a hematoma?
collection of blood trapped under the nail
Nail Disorders
conditions caused by injury to the nail, disease, or nutrition balance
Cuticle
crescent of dead, colorless tissue, or toughened skin around the base of the nail. It is attached to the nail plate
Client's arm cushion
cushion usually is 8" to 12" in length and made for manicuring. (towel folded to cushion size can be used) cushion of folded towel should be covered with a clean towel before each appointment
What is a blood borne pathogen and what are some examples?
disease causing microorganisms carried in blood or body fluids. HIV or Hepatitis.
Equipment
includes permanent tools and items used to perform nail services. Requires replacement only if no longer in good condition.
Onychia
inflammation of the nail matrix with pus and shedding of the nail -O-N-Y-C-H-I-A, onychia, inflammation of the nail matrix
Onychocryptosis
ingrown nails, nail grows into the tissue on the sides of the nail -Ony-Cho-Cryp-To-Sis, ingrown nail
Bed Epithelium
is the thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate to the nail bed
Metal Pusher
is used to push back excess cuticle growth. You would hold the metal pusher in the same way as the wooden pusher. The spoon end is used to loosen and push back the cuticle. If the pusher has rough or sharp edges, use an abrasive board to dull them. This prevents digging into the nail plate.
Abrasive Nail File
is used to shape the free edge of natural or sculptured nails. Abrasive files are available in different grits; the lower the grit number, the more aggressive its action. Most professional nail technicians use 7" or 8" nail files because some states do not allow shorter files to be used. If reuseabl, nail files must be sanitized after each use, but if not then they should be discarded. When using a nail file, hold it with the thumb on one side of the handle and four fingers on the other side at an angle to free edge. Caution: always prep abrasive boards by rubbing a clean board across the sharp edges before use. Abrasive files have replaced emery boards in the salon environment but the latter are still available for the client's home use.
Nipper
is used to trim away dead skin at the base of the nail. To use the nipper, hold it in the palm of the hand with the blades facing the cuticle. Place the thumb on one handle and three fingers in the other handle, with the index finger on the screw to helpguide the blade around the cuticle.
Matrix Bed
is where nail growth begins
Eponychium
living skin or tissue at base of nail plate covering matrix area, is part of the cuticular system
Furrows or Corrugations
long depressions that runs lengthwise or across the nail
Onycholysis
loosening of the nail without shedding
Equipment
manicure table, client's chair, nail technician's chair or stool, finger bowl, disinfection container that's big enough to emerge implements and is receptible, client's arm cushion, gauze, supply tray that can hold polish creams and cuticle polish, electric nail dryer
Manicure Table
most standard manicure tables include: adjustable lamp, drawers, 40-to-60 watt bulb
Gauze and Cotton
must be in a container, clean absorbent cotton, lint-free wipes, or gauze squares
Electric Nail Dryer
nail dryer is an optional item used to shorten the length of time necessary for drying the client's nails
Keratin
nails are made of this protein
Pyogenic Granuloma
severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
Hyponychium
slightly thickened layer of skin, lies between the fingertip and free edge of nail plate, or skin under the free-edge
Onychauxis or Hypertrophy
the overgrowth of the nails
Onychosis
the technical term applied to any deformity or disease of the nail
Onyx
the technical term for the nail
What are sudoriferous glands?
they are sweat glands, they excrete sweat from the skin, consist of a coiled base or secretory coil and tube like duct that ends at the surface of the skin for form a pore
What are three things that could happen if you use the wrong liquid and powder combonation?
too wet or too dry
Implements
tools that must be cleaned and disinfected, or discarded after use with each client. They are small enough to be sanitized on a wet sanitizer.
Materials
towels, cotton, gloves, spatula, plastic bags, metal trash can, solution for sanitizer jar, antiseptic
Supply Tray
tray holds cosmetics such as: polishers, polish removers, and creams. it should be sturdy and easy to clean
Nail Brush
used to clean fingernails and remove bits with of cuticle with warm, soapy water. Hold the nail brush with the bristles turned down and away from you. Place the thumb on the handle side of the brush facing you and the fingers on the other side.
Fingernail Clipper
used to shorten nails; for very long nails, clipping reduces filing time
Ridges
vertical depressions or lengthwise ridges are caused by nail growth
Onychatrophia or Atrophy
wasting away of the nail
Free-edge
white part of nail that extends beyond the fingertip
Implements (nail tools)
wooden pusher or orange-wood stick, metal pusher, abrasive nail file, nippers, tweezers, nail brush, nail buffer, fingernail clippers
Why can the nail plate never get thicker?
It's determined by the matrix
What are polymers?
Can be liquid or solid. Usually solid. Induce a chemical reaction called polymerization, also known as curing
What is the circulatory system also known as and what does it do?
Cardiovascular System, controls steady blood circulation
How can you treat Onychocryptosis?
Carefully trim the corner in a curved shape to release the pressure
What is a musculoskeletal condition that nail technicians are prone to getting called?
Carpel Tunnel
What are the bones that make up the hand?
Carpus, Metacarpus and Phalanges
What is systemic circulation?
Carries blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
What is nerve tissue responsible for?
Carries messages to and from the brain
What are the functions of blood?
Carries water, oxygen, food to the cells of the body. Carries away carbon dioxide to be cleaned. Helps equalize the body temperature.
Why should you not allow electric chords to become twisted?
Cause a short circuit
What does a photoinitiator do?
Causes polymerization reaction to begin
List the three branches of the nervous system
Central Nervous System, Peripheral, Autonomic
Who introduced the first mass-marketed nail lacquers?
Charles Revson
Define: Antiseptic
Chemical germicides formulated for used on the skin that are registered and regulated by the FDA
Who has the fastest nail growth rate, children or elderly people?
Children
In which ancient cultures could commoners be put to death for wearing the royal nail colors?
Chinese
In which ancient cultures did military commanders stain their nails and lips in matching colors before important battles?
Chinese and Greek
Modern nail Polish formulations embody what kind of characteristics?
Chip- and fade-resistant
What is muscle tissue responsible for?
Contracts and moves various parts of the body
What are UV stabilizers?
Control colour stability and prevent sunlight from causing discoloration
Define: Nervous System
Controls and coordinates all systems within the body
Describe the autonomic branch of the nervous system
Controls involuntary muscles
What is the apparatus that changes a direct current to an alternating current called?
Converter
What kind of substance can cause visible and possibly permanent damage to the skin?
Corrosive
Where should all of your acrylic products be stored?
Covered, cool, Dark
Where is the tibalis anterior located and what is it responsible for?
Covers front at shin. Bends foot up
What does the muscular system do?
Covers, Shapes and Supports Skeletal System
What is a fissure?
Crack in the skin
Which of the following blocks the creative mind from exploring ideas and discovering solutions to challenges?
Criticism
What is another word for harden?
Cure
What is polmyerization?
Curing or hardening. A chemical reaction that creates polymers
What is alternating current and what are some appliances that use it?
Current that goes back and forth. Anything plugged into the wall.
How can you tell the difference between cuticle and eponychium?
Cuticle is white cause there is no blood supply
Hang Nail
Cuticle split around the nail
What is good personal hygiene?
Daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitary habits
What are some lifestyle questions you can ask during the consultation?
Does your client spend lots of time outside? Does she swim everyday? What is your clients profession? Does your client have a strong style? How much time/money are they willing to invest in their nail maintenance?
Primers act like what?
Double sided tape
What are the cleaning steps to follow when cleaning a whirlpool rub after each client?
Drain water, scrub with soap and water, rinse basin with clean water, refil basin with clean water and disinfectant, circulate for 10 minutes, drain, rinse and wipe dry with a clean towel
A bead mix ration could be described as what?
Dry, wet or medium
What kind of chair should the client have?
Durable, comfortable and no long arms
Archaeological digs have uncovered cosmetic tools from the Renaissance period including nail cleaners made from bone and meta that doubled as....
Ear scoops
Which massage movement is a light stroking movement?
Effleurage
What are the five moments of massage?
Effleurage, petrissage, tapotment, vibration and friction
In 1910, Flowery Manicure Products introduced the first modern-style...?
Emery board
What are some other names for nail polish?
Enamel, Lacquer, Varnish
How many layers of skin are there and what are their names?
Epidermis and Dermis
Why do nail technicians need to have an understanding of chemistry?
Everything is made up of chemicals. If we know the basics we may be able to troubleshoot some minor problems.
What are three things you can do to effectively remove calluses?
Exfoliating scrubs, credo blade, and conditioner
What does the spa manicure have that a regular manicure does not have?
Exfoliation mask
What are gloves worn to protect us against?
Exposure to microbes
Once the fabric has been secured how should the wrap resin be applied ad using what?
Extender brush
What are the three muscles of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis
What kind of protection should you wear when handling adhesives?
Eye protection
What polish colours are more appropriate for the fall and which for the winter?
Fall- Darker, Winter- Light
In ancient Rome, it was common for both men and women to add color to their nails using a mixture of sheep blood and...?
Fat
What is the longest, strongest bone of the leg?
Femur
Which of the materials is the weakest but most popular to use for nail wraps?
Fiberglass
What is connective tissue responsible for?
Fiburus tissue that binds together to protect and support the body
What are pilcatured nails?
Figuratively means folded nail and is a type of highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to the matrix or inherited
What is not a practice recommended by time management experts?
Fill every slot in your schedule with some kind of task, no matter how small
Which buffer should be used for final buffing?
Fine - 350 or higher
Where are the nerve endings most abundant
Finger tips
What are 11 things that describe the natural nail?
Firm, flexible, shiny, slightly pink, smooth, spotted, no hallows or wavy ridges, whitish and translucent, nail bed is pink and see through
How soon after you start working should you be informed of when your evaluation will take place?
First day, if not ASK!
What is ergonomics?
Fitting the person to the job
Should the nail file be held at an angle or flat when buffing the nails, and why?
Flat because angled may gouge the natural nail plate
What is adhesion?
Force of nature causing 2 products to stick together
What is the name of the piece of nail plate that extends past the tip of the finger or toe?
Free edge
Why is gossiping about co workers a bad thing?
Friction in the work environment. Word will get around
What should you do if you are running late?
Get a hold of your client and salon to let them know of the delay. Give the client the opportunity to reschedule. Apologize for the inconvenience
If a nail tip is slightly too small what should you do?
Get a larger tip and file it to size so it fits sidewall to sidewall
What is the purpose of the bonding gel?
Increase adhesion to natural nail plate
What are the benefits to cross linking monomers?
Increased strength and more stain resistant
What is UV bonding gel and what is it similar to?
Increases adhesion to natural nail. Similar to base coat.
Who is most likely to suffer from Paronychia?
Individuals who work with their hands in water or who wash their hands often
The onset of what led to a new prosperity in the United States, during which all forms of beauty began to follow trends?
Industrialization
What is eczema and what are some characteristics of it?
Inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin. Acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms from flakey or dry itchy skin to moist lesions
What information can be gathered on a consultation form?
Information about clients needs, history and preferences
What information can be found on a MSDS Sheet?
Information about the product, names of potentially hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce risk of accidental harm or over exposure, flammability warnings, useful disposal guides, medical and first aid information
What is the ingredient that will trigger the polymerization to start?
Initiator
When doing massage how is pressure applied to the muscle
Insertion to Orgin
Which system are the nails a part of?
Integumentary
Where is the peronus longus located and what is it responsible for?
Inverts foot and turns it outward. Covers the outer calf.
What is an ultra violet light and what nail services use it?
Invisible light that has a short wavelength. Artificial nail's use this light
Describe Non-Stirated Muscle
Involuntary (organs)
Describe the action of the flexor muscles in the fore arm
Involved in bending the wrist
What makes a good conductor?
Ions
What is a nail disorder?
Is a condition caused by injury or disease
Which of the following is not a key question you should ask to determine if your goal-setting plan is a good one?
Is goal setting a practical way to spend time at this point in my career?
Why is the last step of the client consultation so important?
It determines the ultimate services to be carried out from the consultation
What is contact dermatitis and what is it caused by?
It is the most common skin disease for nail technicians. Caused by touching certain substances to often. Over exposure.
Why should you be open to constructive criticism ?
It will allow you to receive information about how to do things better
What are coatings and what are two different types of them.
Products that cover the nail plate with hardened film. Type 1- coatings that cure/polymerize. Type 2- Coatings that harden after evaporation
Why should sunscreen be used in a manicure?
Protect skin from damage in the UV light
What is the purpose of teh dust mask?
Protection from dust
List the 6 functions of the skin (SHAPES)
Protection, Sensation, Heat Regulation, Excretion, Secretion, Absorption
What is epithelial tissue responsible for?
Protective covering on body surfaces
What is the function of the lymph vascular system?
Protects body from disease
When performing a 4 week maintenance on fabric wraps what is the step after cleaning the nails?
Push back the eponychium
What are some things we can do to ensure we look good everyday
Put thought into appearance, keep your haircut and colour in tip top shape, well groomed skin, change style frequently to keep up with trends, determine best length and style of nails for doing nails
Self-esteem is based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to...?
Reach your goals
To succeed in life, you need a well-thought-out sense of purpose and a...?
Reason for being
What is the apparatus that changes an alternating current to a direct current called?
Rectifier
What color would a noblewoman color their hair to indicate class status?
Red
When preparing for battle, what color did Greek soldiers often apply to their lips and nails?
Red
Infected Finger
Redness pain, swelling, or pus, requires to be referred to a physician
What are four signs of infection?
Redness, pain, swelling, puss
What is the benefit of using self-leveling gel?
Reduces filing and contouring later in the services
How often should gel nails be maintained?
Regularly
What is the role of the sebaceous gland?
Regulate body temperature and help to eliminate waste products from the body
What does the pedicure massage primarily focus on?
Relaxation
Hangnail
ag-nails, are dry cuticles that split around the nail
Wooden Pusher
also known as an orange wood stick, is used to loosen the cuticle around the base of a nail or clean under the free edge. Hold the stick similarly to a pencil for applying cosmetics, and wrap a small piece of cotton around the end.
Cosmetics
antibacterial soap, buffering powder or cream, polish remover, cuticle cream, cuticle oil, cuticle solvent, nail bleach, nail whitener, dry nail polish, nail strengthener/hardener, base coat, colored polish liquid enamel or lacquer
Nail Grooves
are formed by nail folds on the sides of the nail that permit the nail to move as it grows; tracks that nails grow along
Tweezers
can be used to lift small particles from the nail
Folds
forms nail grooves on sides of nail, permitting nail to move as it grows forward (grooves are slots or tracks)
What are the two types of melanin?
phenomelanine and eumelanine
Paronychia
pus, thickening, and brownish discoloration of the nail plate, sometimes referred to as runaround paronychia -infectious, inflammatory conditions, of the tissue, surrounding the nail
Disinfectant Container
receptacle must be large enough to hold disinfectant solution to immerse implements for sanitizing purposes. Most containers provide covers to prevent contamination of solution when not in use